Biological Assembly 1  

 3D View: Structure | 1D-3D View | Electron Density | Validation Report | Ligand Interaction

Global Symmetry: Asymmetric - C1 
Global Stoichiometry: Hetero 2-mer - A1B1 

Biological assembly 1 assigned by authors and generated by PISA (software)

Macromolecule Content

• Total Structure Weight: 61.23 kDa 
• Atom Count: 4620 
• Modelled Residue Count: 532 
• Deposited Residue Count: 542 
• Unique protein chains: 2

4GG2

The crystal structure of glutamate-bound human gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase 1

• PDB DOI: 10.2210/pdb4GG2/pdb

• Classification: HYDROLASE
• Organism(s): Homo sapiens
• Expression System: Pichia
• Mutation(s): No 


• Deposited: 2012-08-04 Released: 2013-09-25 
• Deposition Author(s): West, M.B., Chen, Y., Wickham, S., Heroux, A., Cahill, K., Hanigan, M.H., Mooers, B.H.M.

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Experimental Data Snapshot

• Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
• Resolution: 2.21 Å
• R-Value Free: 0.183 
• R-Value Work: 0.140 
• R-Value Observed: 0.142 

Literature

Novel Insights into Eukaryotic gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase 1 from the Crystal Structure of the Glutamate-bound Human Enzyme.

West, M.B., Chen, Y., Wickham, S., Heroux, A., Cahill, K., Hanigan, M.H., Mooers, B.H.

(2013) J Biol Chem 288: 31902-31913

• PubMed: 24047895 
• DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M113.498139
• Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
  4GDX, 4GG2


• PubMed Abstract: 
  

The enzyme γ-glutamyltranspeptidase 1 (GGT1) is a conserved member of the N-terminal nucleophile hydrolase family that cleaves the γ-glutamyl bond of glutathione and other γ-glutamyl compounds. In animals, GGT1 is expressed on the surface of the cell and has critical roles in maintaining cysteine levels in the body and regulating intracellular redox status. Expression of GGT1 has been implicated as a potentiator of asthma, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. The rational design of effective inhibitors of human GGT1 (hGGT1) has been delayed by the lack of a reliable structural model. The available crystal structures of several bacterial GGTs have been of limited use due to differences in the catalytic behavior of bacterial and mammalian GGTs. We report the high resolution (1.67 Å) crystal structure of glutamate-bound hGGT1, the first of any eukaryotic GGT. Comparisons of the active site architecture of hGGT1 with those of its bacterial orthologs highlight key differences in the residues responsible for substrate binding, including a bimodal switch in the orientation of the catalytic nucleophile (Thr-381) that is unique to the human enzyme. Compared with several bacterial counterparts, the lid loop in the crystal structure of hGGT1 adopts an open conformation that allows greater access to the active site. The hGGT1 structure also revealed tightly bound chlorides near the catalytic residue that may contribute to catalytic activity. These are absent in the bacterial GGTs. These differences between bacterial and mammalian GGTs and the new structural data will accelerate the development of new therapies for GGT1-dependent diseases.

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Organizational Affiliation: 

From the Departments of Cell Biology and.

Macromolecules

Entity ID: 1
Molecule	Chains	Sequence Length	Organism	Details	Image
Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase 1 heavy chain	A	353	Homo sapiens	Mutation(s): 0  Gene Names: GGT, GGT1, hGGT1 EC: 2.3.2.2 (PDB Primary Data), 3.4.19.13 (PDB Primary Data), 3.4.19.14 (PDB Primary Data)
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources
Find proteins for P19440 (Homo sapiens) Explore P19440  Go to UniProtKB:  P19440
PHAROS:  P19440

Entity ID: 2
Molecule	Chains	Sequence Length	Organism	Details	Image
Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase 1 light chain	B	189	Homo sapiens	Mutation(s): 0  Gene Names: GGT, GGT1, hGGT1 EC: 2.3.2.2 (PDB Primary Data), 3.4.19.13 (PDB Primary Data), 3.4.19.14 (PDB Primary Data)
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources
Find proteins for P19440 (Homo sapiens) Explore P19440  Go to UniProtKB:  P19440
PHAROS:  P19440

Small Molecules

Ligands 4 Unique
ID	Chains	Name / Formula / InChI Key	2D Diagram
NAG	C [auth A], D [auth A], E [auth A], F [auth A], G [auth A], M [auth B]	2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose C8 H15 N O6 OVRNDRQMDRJTHS-FMDGEEDCSA-N
GLU	N [auth B]	GLUTAMIC ACID C5 H9 N O4 WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N
IOD	H [auth A], I [auth A], J [auth A], K [auth A], L [auth A], O [auth B], P [auth B], Q [auth B], R [auth B]	IODIDE ION I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M
CL	S [auth B]	CHLORIDE ION Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M

Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

• Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
• Resolution: 2.21 Å
• R-Value Free: 0.183 
• R-Value Work: 0.140 
• R-Value Observed: 0.142 
• Space Group: C 2 2 2₁

Unit Cell:

Length ( Å )	Angle ( ˚ )
a = 105.717	α = 90
b = 126.753	β = 90
c = 104.629	γ = 90

Software Package:

Software Name	Purpose
PROTEUM PLUS	data collection
PHENIX	model building
PHENIX	refinement
HKL-2000	data reduction
HKL-2000	data scaling
PHENIX	phasing

Structure Validation

Entry History 

Deposition Data

• Deposited Date: 2012-08-04 
• Released Date: 2013-09-25 
Deposition Author(s): West, M.B., Chen, Y., Wickham, S., Heroux, A., Cahill, K., Hanigan, M.H., Mooers, B.H.M.

Revision History  

• Version 1.0: 2013-09-25
  Type: Initial release
  
• Version 1.1: 2013-10-16
  Changes: Database references
• Version 1.2: 2013-11-27
  Changes: Database references
• Version 1.3: 2020-07-29
  Type: Remediation
  Reason: Carbohydrate remediation
  Changes: Data collection, Derived calculations, Structure summary