6ZZO

Crystal structure of (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase from Psychrobacter arcticus complexed with NAD+ and acetoacetate


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.28 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.161 
  • R-Value Work: 0.142 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.143 

Starting Model: experimental
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Literature

Dissecting the Mechanism of ( R )-3-Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase by Kinetic Isotope Effects, Protein Crystallography, and Computational Chemistry.

Machado, T.F.G.Purg, M.McMahon, S.A.Read, B.J.Oehler, V.Aqvist, J.Gloster, T.M.da Silva, R.G.

(2020) ACS Catal 10: 15019-15032

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.0c04736
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    6ZZO, 6ZZP, 6ZZQ, 6ZZS

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    The enzyme ( R )-3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH) catalyzes the enantioselective reduction of 3-oxocarboxylates to ( R )-3-hydroxycarboxylates, the monomeric precursors of biodegradable polyesters. Despite its application in asymmetric reduction, which prompted several engineering attempts of this enzyme, the order of chemical events in the active site, their contributions to limit the reaction rate, and interactions between the enzyme and non-native 3-oxocarboxylates have not been explored. Here, a combination of kinetic isotope effects, protein crystallography, and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations were employed to dissect the HBDH mechanism. Initial velocity patterns and primary deuterium kinetic isotope effects establish a steady-state ordered kinetic mechanism for acetoacetate reduction by a psychrophilic and a mesophilic HBDH, where hydride transfer is not rate limiting. Primary deuterium kinetic isotope effects on the reduction of 3-oxovalerate indicate that hydride transfer becomes more rate limiting with this non-native substrate. Solvent and multiple deuterium kinetic isotope effects suggest hydride and proton transfers occur in the same transition state. Crystal structures were solved for both enzymes complexed to NAD + :acetoacetate and NAD + :3-oxovalerate, illustrating the structural basis for the stereochemistry of the 3-hydroxycarboxylate products. QM/MM calculations using the crystal structures as a starting point predicted a higher activation energy for 3-oxovalerate reduction catalyzed by the mesophilic HBDH, in agreement with the higher reaction rate observed experimentally for the psychrophilic orthologue. Both transition states show concerted, albeit not synchronous, proton and hydride transfers to 3-oxovalerate. Setting the MM partial charges to zero results in identical reaction activation energies with both orthologues, suggesting the difference in activation energy between the reactions catalyzed by cold- and warm-adapted HBDHs arises from differential electrostatic stabilization of the transition state. Mutagenesis and phylogenetic analysis reveal the catalytic importance of His150 and Asn145 in the respective orthologues.


  • Organizational Affiliation

    School of Chemistry and School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom.


Macromolecules
Find similar proteins by:  (by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
Putative beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase
A, B, C, D
266Psychrobacter arcticusMutation(s): 0 
Gene Names: Psyc_1428
EC: 1.1.1.30
UniProt
Find proteins for Q4FRT2 (Psychrobacter arcticus (strain DSM 17307 / VKM B-2377 / 273-4))
Explore Q4FRT2 
Go to UniProtKB:  Q4FRT2
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupQ4FRT2
Sequence Annotations
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  • Reference Sequence
Small Molecules
Ligands 2 Unique
IDChains Name / Formula / InChI Key2D Diagram3D Interactions
NAD (Subject of Investigation/LOI)
Query on NAD

Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
E [auth A],
G [auth B],
I [auth C],
K [auth D]
NICOTINAMIDE-ADENINE-DINUCLEOTIDE
C21 H27 N7 O14 P2
BAWFJGJZGIEFAR-NNYOXOHSSA-N
AAE (Subject of Investigation/LOI)
Query on AAE

Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
F [auth A],
H [auth B],
J [auth C],
L [auth D]
ACETOACETIC ACID
C4 H6 O3
WDJHALXBUFZDSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.28 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.161 
  • R-Value Work: 0.142 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.143 
  • Space Group: P 21 21 2
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 68.275α = 90
b = 110.875β = 90
c = 136.903γ = 90
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
REFMACrefinement
PDB_EXTRACTdata extraction
XDSdata reduction
Aimlessdata scaling
PHASERphasing

Structure Validation

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Ligand Structure Quality Assessment 


Entry History & Funding Information

Deposition Data


Funding OrganizationLocationGrant Number
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research CouncilUnited Kingdom--

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 2020-10-07
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2021-01-20
    Changes: Database references
  • Version 1.2: 2024-01-31
    Changes: Data collection, Database references, Refinement description