Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is vital for the internalization of most cell-surface proteins. In CME, plasma membrane-binding clathrin adaptors recruit and polymerize clathrin to form clathrin-coated pits into which cargo is sorted. Assembly po ...
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is vital for the internalization of most cell-surface proteins. In CME, plasma membrane-binding clathrin adaptors recruit and polymerize clathrin to form clathrin-coated pits into which cargo is sorted. Assembly polypeptide 2 (AP2) is the most abundant adaptor and is pivotal to CME. Here, we determined a structure of AP2 that includes the clathrin-binding β2 hinge and developed an AP2-dependent budding assay. Our findings suggest that an autoinhibitory mechanism prevents clathrin recruitment by cytosolic AP2. A large-scale conformational change driven by the plasma membrane phosphoinositide phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and cargo relieves this autoinhibition, triggering clathrin recruitment and hence clathrin-coated bud formation. This molecular switching mechanism can couple AP2's membrane recruitment to its key functions of cargo and clathrin binding.
Organizational Affiliation:
Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK.,Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK. btk1000@cam.ac.uk djo30@cam.ac.uk.,Department of Cell Biology, Center of Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.,Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.,Institute of Biochemistry I and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
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