3WC8

Dimeric horse cytochrome c obtained by refolding with desalting method

Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.80 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.208 
  • R-Value Work: 0.169 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.171 

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This is version 2.0 of the entry. See complete history. 


Literature

Formation of Oligomeric Cytochrome c during Folding by Intermolecular Hydrophobic Interaction between N- and C-Terminal alpha-Helices

Parui, P.P., Deshpande, M.S., Nagao, S., Kamikubo, H., Komori, H., Higuchi, Y., Kataoka, M., Hirota, S.

(2013) Biochemistry 52: 8732-8744

  • DOI: 10.1021/bi400986g
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    3WC8

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    • We have previously shown that horse cytochrome c (cyt c) forms oligomers by domain swapping its C-terminal α-helix when interacting with ethanol. Although folding of cyt c has been studied extensively, formation of domain-swapped oligomers of cyt c during folding has never been reported ...

    We have previously shown that horse cytochrome c (cyt c) forms oligomers by domain swapping its C-terminal α-helix when interacting with ethanol. Although folding of cyt c has been studied extensively, formation of domain-swapped oligomers of cyt c during folding has never been reported. We found that domain-swapped oligomeric cyt c is produced during refolding from its guanidinium ion-induced unfolded state at high protein concentrations and low temperatures. The obtained dimer exhibited a domain-swapped structure exchanging the C-terminal α-helical region between molecules. The extent of dimer formation decreased significantly for the folding of C-terminal cyt c mutants with reduced hydrophobicity achieved by replacement of hydrophobic residues with Gly in the C-terminal region, whereas a large amount of heterodimers was generated for the folding of a mixture of N- and C-terminal mutants. These results show that cyt c oligomers are formed through intermolecular hydrophobic interaction between the N- and C-terminal α-helices during folding. A slow phase (4-5 s) was observed in addition to a 400-500 ms phase during folding of a high concentration of cyt c in the presence of 1.17 M guanidine hydrochloride. The fast phase is attributed to the intramolecular ligand exchange process, and we attribute the slow phase to the ligand exchange process in oligomers. These results show that it is important to consider formation of domain-swapped oligomeric proteins when folding at high protein concentrations.

    Organizational Affiliation: 

    Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology , 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.



Macromolecules
Find similar proteins by: 
(by identity cutoff)  |  Structure
Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChainsSequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
Cytochrome c A104Equus caballusMutation(s): 0 
Gene Names: CYCS, CYC
Find proteins for P00004 (Equus caballus)
Explore P00004 
Go to UniProtKB:  P00004
Protein Feature View
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  • Reference Sequence
Small Molecules
Ligands 4 Unique
IDChainsName / Formula / InChI Key2D Diagram3D Interactions
HEC
Query on HEC
Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
A
HEME C
C34 H34 Fe N4 O4
HXQIYSLZKNYNMH-LJNAALQVSA-N		 Ligand Interaction
PG4
Query on PG4
Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
A
TETRAETHYLENE GLYCOL
C8 H18 O5
UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N		 Ligand Interaction
PEG
Query on PEG
Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
A
DI(HYDROXYETHYL)ETHER
C4 H10 O3
MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N		 Ligand Interaction
PO4
Query on PO4
Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
A
PHOSPHATE ION
O4 P
NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K		 Ligand Interaction
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.80 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.208 
  • R-Value Work: 0.169 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.171 
  • Space Group: C 2 2 21
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 60.815α = 90
b = 93.476β = 90
c = 36.241γ = 90
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
HKL-2000data collection
REFMACrefinement
HKL-2000data reduction
HKL-2000data scaling
REFMACphasing

Structure Validation

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Entry History 

Deposition Data

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 2013-12-11
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2013-12-18
    Changes: Database references
  • Version 2.0: 2019-10-02
    Changes: Atomic model, Data collection, Derived calculations, Non-polymer description, Structure summary