Biological Assembly 1  

Global Symmetry: Dihedral - D5  (3D View)
Global Stoichiometry: Homo 10-mer - A10 

Biological assembly 1 assigned by authors and generated by PISA,PQS (software)

Macromolecule Content

• Total Structure Weight: 221.26 kDa 
• Atom Count: 15,882 
• Modelled Residue Count: 1,802 
• Deposited Residue Count: 1,920 
• Unique protein chains: 1

 2OJW

Crystal structure of human glutamine synthetase in complex with ADP and phosphate

• PDB DOI: 10.2210/pdb2OJW/pdb

• Classification: LIGASE
• Organism(s): Homo sapiens
• Expression System: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)
• Mutation(s): No 


• Deposited: 2007-01-15 Released: 2007-03-13 
• Deposition Author(s): Karlberg, T., Uppenberg, J., Arrowsmith, C., Berglund, H., Busam, R.D., Collins, R., Edwards, A., Flodin, S., Flores, A., Graslund, S., Hallberg, B.M., Hammarstrom, M., Hogbom, M., Johansson, I., Kotenyova, T., Moche, M., Nilsson, M.E., Nordlund, P., Nyman, T., Ogg, D., Persson, C., Sagemark, J., Stenmark, P., Sundstrom, M., Thorsell, A.G., Van Den Berg, S., Wallden, K., Weigelt, J., Holmberg-Schiavone, L., Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC)

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Experimental Data Snapshot

• Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
• Resolution: 2.05 Å
• R-Value Free: 0.212 
• R-Value Work: 0.159 
• R-Value Observed: 0.162 

Literature

Crystal structures of mammalian glutamine synthetases illustrate substrate-induced conformational changes and provide opportunities for drug and herbicide design.

Krajewski, W.W., Collins, R., Holmberg-Schiavone, L., Jones, T.A., Karlberg, T., Mowbray, S.L.

(2008) J Mol Biol 375: 217-228

• PubMed: 18005987 
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.10.029
• Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
  2OJW, 2QC8, 2UU7


• PubMed Abstract: 
  

Glutamine synthetase (GS) catalyzes the ligation of glutamate and ammonia to form glutamine, with concomitant hydrolysis of ATP. In mammals, the activity eliminates cytotoxic ammonia, at the same time converting neurotoxic glutamate to harmless glutamine; there are a number of links between changes in GS activity and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease. In plants, because of its importance in the assimilation and re-assimilation of ammonia, the enzyme is a target of some herbicides. GS is also a central component of bacterial nitrogen metabolism and a potential drug target. Previous studies had investigated the structures of bacterial and plant GSs. In the present publication, we report the first structures of mammalian GSs. The apo form of the canine enzyme was solved by molecular replacement and refined at a resolution of 3 A. Two structures of human glutamine synthetase represent complexes with: a) phosphate, ADP, and manganese, and b) a phosphorylated form of the inhibitor methionine sulfoximine, ADP and manganese; these structures were refined to resolutions of 2.05 A and 2.6 A, respectively. Loop movements near the active site generate more closed forms of the eukaryotic enzymes when substrates are bound; the largest changes are associated with the binding of the nucleotide. Comparisons with earlier structures provide a basis for the design of drugs that are specifically directed at either human or bacterial enzymes. The site of binding the amino acid substrate is highly conserved in bacterial and eukaryotic GSs, whereas the nucleotide binding site varies to a much larger degree. Thus, the latter site offers the best target for specific drug design. Differences between mammalian and plant enzymes are much more subtle, suggesting that herbicides targeting GS must be designed with caution.

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Organizational Affiliation: 

Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Box 596, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.

Macromolecules

Entity ID: 1
Molecule	Chains	Sequence Length	Organism	Details	Image
Glutamine synthetase	A, B, C, D, E	384	Homo sapiens	Mutation(s): 0  Gene Names: GLUL, GLNS EC: 6.3.1.2 (PDB Primary Data), 2.3.1.225 (UniProt)
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources
Find proteins for P15104 (Homo sapiens) Explore P15104  Go to UniProtKB:  P15104
PHAROS:  P15104

Small Molecules

Ligands 5 Unique
ID	Chains	Name / Formula / InChI Key	2D Diagram
ADP	CA [auth C], LA [auth D], M [auth A], SA [auth E], U [auth B]	ADENOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE C10 H15 N5 O10 P2 XTWYTFMLZFPYCI-KQYNXXCUSA-N
PO4	AA [auth C], J [auth A], JA [auth D], RA [auth E], S [auth B]	PHOSPHATE ION O4 P NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K
GOL	DA [auth C], EA [auth C], MA [auth D], N [auth A], TA [auth E], V [auth B]	GLYCEROL C3 H8 O3 PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
MN	F [auth A], FA [auth D], G [auth A], GA [auth D], H [auth A], HA [auth D], I [auth A], IA [auth D], NA [auth E], O [auth B], OA [auth E], P [auth B], PA [auth E], Q [auth B], QA [auth E], R [auth B], W [auth C], X [auth C], Y [auth C], Z [auth C]	MANGANESE (II) ION Mn WAEMQWOKJMHJLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CL	BA [auth C], K [auth A], KA [auth D], L [auth A], T [auth B]	CHLORIDE ION Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M

Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

• Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
• Resolution: 2.05 Å
• R-Value Free: 0.212 
• R-Value Work: 0.159 
• R-Value Observed: 0.162 
• Space Group: C 1 2 1

Unit Cell:

Length ( Å )	Angle ( ˚ )
a = 177.6	α = 90
b = 122.6	β = 130.6
c = 126.6	γ = 90

Software Package:

Software Name	Purpose
REFMAC	refinement
XDS	data reduction
XSCALE	data scaling
MOLREP	phasing

Structure Validation

Entry History 

Deposition Data

• Released Date: 2007-03-13 
Deposition Author(s): Karlberg, T., Uppenberg, J., Arrowsmith, C., Berglund, H., Busam, R.D., Collins, R., Edwards, A., Flodin, S., Flores, A., Graslund, S., Hallberg, B.M., Hammarstrom, M., Hogbom, M., Johansson, I., Kotenyova, T., Moche, M., Nilsson, M.E., Nordlund, P., Nyman, T., Ogg, D., Persson, C., Sagemark, J., Stenmark, P., Sundstrom, M., Thorsell, A.G., Van Den Berg, S., Wallden, K., Weigelt, J., Holmberg-Schiavone, L., Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC)

Revision History  

• Version 1.0: 2007-03-13
  Type: Initial release
  
• Version 1.1: 2007-11-20
  Changes: Version format compliance
• Version 1.2: 2011-07-13
  Changes: Advisory, Derived calculations, Version format compliance