Download MendeleyContributions of engineered surface salt bridges to the stability of T4 lysozyme determined by directed mutagenesis.
Sun, D.P., Sauer, U., Nicholson, H., Matthews, B.W.(1991) Biochemistry 30: 7142-7153
- PubMed: 1854726 Search on PubMed
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00243a015
- Primary Citation of Related Structures:
1L37, 1L38, 1L39, 1L40, 1L41 - PubMed Abstract:
- The Structural and Thermodynamic Consequences of Burying a Charged Residue within the Hydrophobic Core of T4 Lysozyme
Daopin, S., Anderson, E., Baase, W., Dahlquist, F.W., Matthews, B.W.
() To be published --: -- - Multiple Stabilizing Alanine Replacements within Alpha-Helix 126-134 of T4 Lysozyme Have Independent, Additive Effects on Both Structure and Stability
Zhang, X.-J., Baase, W.A., Matthews, B.W.
() To be published --: -- - Tolerance of T4 Lysozyme to Proline Substitutions within the Long Interdomain Alpha-Helix Illustrates the Adaptability of Proteins to Potentially Destabilizing Lesions
Sauer, U.H., Dao-Pin, S., Matthews, B.W.
() To be published --: -- - Tolerance of T4 Lysozyme to Multiple Xaa (Right Arrow) Ala Substitutions: A Polyalanine Alpha-Helix Containing Ten Consecutive Alanines
Heinz, D.W., Baase, W.A., Matthews, B.W.
() To be published --: -- - Cumulative Site-Directed Charge-Change Replacements in Bacteriophage T4 Lysozyme Suggest that Long-Range Electrostatic Interactions Contribute Little to Protein Stability
Dao-Pin, S., Soderlind, E., Baase, W.A., Wozniak, J.A., Sauer, U., Matthews, B.W.
(1991) J Mol Biol 221: 873 - Analysis of the Interaction between Charged Side Chains and the Alpha-Helix Dipole Using Designed Thermostable Mutants of Phage T4 Lysozyme
Nicholson, H., Anderson, D.E., Dao-Pin, S., Matthews, B.W.
(1991) Biochemistry 30: 9816 - Structural and Thermodynamic Analysis of the Packing of Two Alpha-Helices in Bacteriophage T4 Lysozyme
Daopin, S., Alber, T., Baase, W.A., Wozniak, J.A., Matthews, B.W.
(1991) J Mol Biol 221: 647 - Toward a Simplification of the Protein Folding Problem: A Stabilizing Polyalanine Alpha-Helix Engineered in T4 Lysozyme
Zhang, X.-J., Baase, W.A., Matthews, B.W.
(1991) Biochemistry 30: 2012 - Structure of a Thermostable Disulfide-Bridge Mutant of Phage T4 Lysozyme Shows that an Engineered Crosslink in a Flexible Region Does not Increase the Rigidity of the Folded Protein
Pjura, P.E., Matsumura, M., Wozniak, J.A., Matthews, B.W.
(1990) Biochemistry 29: 2592 - Structural Studies of Mutants of T4 Lysozyme that Alter Hydrophobic Stabilization
Matsumura, M., Wozniak, J.A., Dao-Pin, S., Matthews, B.W.
(1989) J Biol Chem 264: 16059 - High-Resolution Structure of the Temperature-Sensitive Mutant of Phage Lysozyme, Arg 96 (Right Arrow) His
Weaver, L.H., Gray, T.M., Gruetter, M.G., Anderson, D.E., Wozniak, J.A., Dahlquist, F.W., Matthews, B.W.
(1989) Biochemistry 28: 3793 - Contributions of Left-Handed Helical Residues to the Structure and Stability of Bacteriophage T4 Lysozyme
Nicholson, H., Soderlind, E., Tronrud, D.E., Matthews, B.W.
(1989) J Mol Biol 210: 181 - Hydrophobic Stabilization in T4 Lysozyme Determined Directly by Multiple Substitutions of Ile 3
Matsumura, M., Becktel, W.J., Matthews, B.W.
(1988) Nature 334: 406 - Enhanced Protein Thermostability from Designed Mutations that Interact with Alpha-Helix Dipoles
Nicholson, H., Becktel, W.J., Matthews, B.W.
(1988) Nature 336: 651 - Replacements of Pro86 in Phage T4 Lysozyme Extend an Alpha-Helix But Do not Alter Protein Stability
Alber, T., Bell, J.A., Dao-Pin, S., Nicholson, H., Wozniak, J.A., Cook, S., Matthews, B.W.
(1988) Science 239: 631 - Enhanced Protein Thermostability from Site-Directed Mutations that Decrease the Entropy of Unfolding
Matthews, B.W., Nicholson, H., Becktel, W.J.
(1987) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 6663 - Structural Analysis of the Temperature-Sensitive Mutant of Bacteriophage T4 Lysozyme, Glycine 156 (Right Arrow) Aspartic Acid
Gray, T.M., Matthews, B.W.
(1987) J Biol Chem 262: 16858 - Contributions of Hydrogen Bonds of Thr 157 to the Thermodynamic Stability of Phage T4 Lysozyme
Alber, T., Dao-Pin, S., Wilson, K., Wozniak, J.A., Cook, S.P., Matthews, B.W.
(1987) Nature 330: 41 - Structural Studies of Mutants of the Lysozyme of Bacteriophage T4. The Temperature-Sensitive Mutant Protein Thr157 (Right Arrow) Ile
Gruetter, M.G., Gray, T.M., Weaver, L.H., Alber, T., Wilson, K., Matthews, B.W.
(1987) J Mol Biol 197: 315 - Structure of Bacteriophage T4 Lysozyme Refined at 1.7 Angstroms Resolution
Weaver, L.H., Matthews, B.W.
(1987) J Mol Biol 193: 189 - Temperature-Sensitive Mutations of Bacteriophage T4 Lysozyme Occur at Sites with Low Mobility and Low Solvent Accessibility in the Folded Protein
Alber, T., Dao-Pin, S., Nye, J.A., Muchmore, D.C., Matthews, B.W.
(1987) Biochemistry 26: 3754 - Common Precursor of Lysozymes of Hen Egg-White and Bacteriophage T4
Matthews, B.W., Gruetter, M.G., Anderson, W.F., Remington, S.J.
(1981) Nature 290: 334 - Crystallographic Determination of the Mode of Binding of Oligosaccharides to T4 Bacteriophage Lysozyme. Implications for the Mechanism of Catalysis
Anderson, W.F., Gruetter, M.G., Remington, S.J., Weaver, L.H., Matthews, B.W.
(1981) J Mol Biol 147: 523 - Relation between Hen Egg White Lysozyme and Bacteriophage T4 Lysozyme. Evolutionary Implications
Matthews, B.W., Remington, S.J., Gruetter, M.G., Anderson, W.F.
(1981) J Mol Biol 147: 545 - Structure of the Lysozyme from Bacteriophage T4, an Electron Density Map at 2.4 Angstroms Resolution
Remington, S.J., Anderson, W.F., Owen, J., Teneyck, L.F., Grainger, C.T., Matthews, B.W.
(1978) J Mol Biol 118: 81 - Atomic Coordinates for T4 Phage Lysozyme
Remington, S.J., Teneyck, L.F., Matthews, B.W.
(1977) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 75: 265 - Comparison of the Predicted and Observed Secondary Structure of T4 Phage Lysozyme
Matthews, B.W.
(1975) Biochim Biophys Acta 405: 442 - The Three Dimensional Structure of the Lysozyme from Bacteriophage T4
Matthews, B.W., Remington, S.J.
(1974) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 71: 4178 - Crystallographic Data for Lysozyme from Bacteriophage T4
Matthews, B.W., Dahlquist, F.W., Maynard, A.Y.
(1973) J Mol Biol 78: 575
Six designed mutants of T4 lysozyme were created in an attempt to create putative salt bridges on the surface of the protein. The first three of the mutants, T115E (Thr 115 to Glu), Q123E, and N144E, were designed to introduce a new charged side chain close to one or more existing charged groups of the opposite sign on the surface of the protein ...
Six designed mutants of T4 lysozyme were created in an attempt to create putative salt bridges on the surface of the protein. The first three of the mutants, T115E (Thr 115 to Glu), Q123E, and N144E, were designed to introduce a new charged side chain close to one or more existing charged groups of the opposite sign on the surface of the protein. In each of these cases the putative electrostatic interactions introduced by the mutation include possible salt bridges between residues within consecutive turns of an alpha-helix. Effects of the mutations ranged from no change in stability to a 1.5 degrees C (0.5 kcal/mol) increase in melting temperature. In two cases, secondary (double) mutants were constructed as controls in which the charge partner was removed from the primary mutant structure. These controls proteins indicate that the contributions to stability from each of the engineered salt bridges is very small (about 0.1-0.25 kcal/mol in 0.15 M KCl). The structures of the three primary mutants were determined by X-ray crystallography and shown to be essentially the same as the wild-type structure except at the site of the mutation. Although the introduced charges in the T115E and Q123E structures are within 3-5 A of their intended partner, the introduced side chains and their intended partners were observed to be quite mobile. It has been shown that the salt bridge between His 31 and Asp 70 in T4 lysozyme stabilizes the protein by 3-5 kcal/mol [Anderson, D. E., Becktel, W. J., & Dahlquist, F. W. (1990) Biochemistry 29, 2403-2408]. To test the effectiveness of His...Asp interactions in general, three additional double mutants, K60H/L13D, K83H/A112D, and S90H/Q122D, were created in order to introduce histidine-aspartate charge pairs on the surface of the protein. Each of these mutants destabilizes the protein by 1-3 kcal/mol in 0.15 M KCl at pH values from 2 to 6.5. The X-ray crystallographic structure of the mutant K83H/A112D has been determined and shows that there are backbone conformational changes of 0.3-0.6 A extending over several residues. The introduction of the histidine and aspartate presumably introduces strain into the folded protein that destabilizes this variant. It is concluded that pairs of oppositely charged residues that are on the surface of a protein and have freedom to adopt different conformations do not tend to come together to form structurally localized salt bridges. Rather, such residues tend to remain mobile, interact weakly if at all, and do not contribute significantly to protein stability. It is argued that the entropic cost of localizing a pair of solvent-exposed charged groups on the surface of a protein largely offsets the interaction energy expected from the formation of a defined salt bridge. There are examples of strong salt bridges in proteins, but such interactions require that the folding of the protein provides the requisite driving energy to hold the interacting partners in the correct rigid alignment.
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Organizational Affiliation:
Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene 97403.
