Biological Assembly 1  

 3D View: Structure | Electron Density | Ligand Interaction

Standalone Viewers  
Protein Workshop | Ligand Explorer

Global Symmetry: Cyclic - C2  (3D View)
Global Stoichiometry: Homo 2-mer - A2 

Biological assembly 1 assigned by authors and generated by PISA,PQS (software)

Macromolecule Content

• Total Structure Weight: 52575.83 
• Atom Count: 3561 
• Residue Count: 478 
• Unique protein chains: 1

1GRF

SUBSTRATE BINDING AND CATALYSIS BY GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE AS DERIVED FROM REFINED ENZYME: SUBSTRATE CRYSTAL STRUCTURES AT 2 ANGSTROMS RESOLUTION

• DOI: 10.2210/pdb1GRF/pdb

• Classification: OXIDOREDUCTASE
• Organism(s): Homo sapiens


• Deposited: 1992-12-15 Released: 1994-01-31 
• Deposition Author(s): Karplus, P.A., Schulz, G.E.

---

Experimental Data Snapshot

• Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
• Resolution: 2 Å

Literature

Substrate binding and catalysis by glutathione reductase as derived from refined enzyme: substrate crystal structures at 2 A resolution.

Karplus, P.A., Schulz, G.E.

(1989) J.Mol.Biol. 210: 163-180

• PubMed: 2585516 
• Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
  1GRG, 1GRE, 1GRB, 1GRA


• PubMed Abstract: 
  

The X-ray structure analyses of four glutathione reductase complexes and derivatives have been extended to 2 A resolution and refined. The results are discussed in conjunction with the structure of the oxidized native enzyme known at 1.54 A resolution. While the residual co-ordinate errors are around 0.2 A, some significant shifts even in this range could be established. Points of particular interest are the 3.2 A approach of C4N of nicotinamide to N5F of flavin in hydride transfer geometry, the hydrogen bond geometries of the 2'-phosphate of NADPH as compared to inferior geometries for an inorganic phosphate binding together with NADH, the differential mobilities of parts of the substrates as derived from refined atomic temperature factors, and the stabilization of the thiolate of the proximal Cys63 by conformational changes of neighboring residues as well as by flavin. In addition, catalytically competent His467' is seen to interact more optimally with the sulfur of glutathione-I than with the distal sulfur of Cys58. The observed participation of water molecules for both NADPH and glutathione binding is so extensive that a prediction of the binding mode merely from the polypeptide structure would be very difficult. The accurately known geometries allowed us to draw some conclusions on the enzyme mechanism and suggest a possible scenario of the catalysis.

---

Related Citations: 

• Fad-Binding Site of Glutathione Reductase
  Schulz, G.E.,Schirmer, R.H.,Pai, E.F.
  (1982) J.Mol.Biol. 160: 287
• Gene Duplication in Glutathione Reductase
  Schulz, G.E.
  (1980) J.Mol.Biol. 138: 335
• Three-Dimensional Structure of Glutathione Reductase at 2 Angstroms Resolution
  Thieme, R.,Pai, E.F.,Schirmer, R.H.,Schulz, G.E.
  (1981) J.Mol.Biol. 152: 763
• Refined Structure of Glutathione Reductase at 1.54 Angstroms Resolution
  Karplus, P.A.,Schulz, G.E.
  (1987) J.Mol.Biol. 195: 701
• The C-Terminal Fragment of Human Glutathione Reductase Contains the Postulated Catalytic Histidine
  Untucht-Grau, R.,Schulz, G.E.,Schirmer, R.H.
  (1979) FEBS Lett. 105: 244
• Inhibition of Human Glutathione Reductase by the Nitrosourea Drugs 1,3-Bis(2-Chloroethyl)-1-Nitrosourea and 1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-Nitrosourea
  Karplus, P.A.,Krauth-Siegel, R.L.,Schirmer, R.H.,Schulz, G.E.
  (1988) Eur.J.Biochem. 171: 193
• Glutathione Reductase from Human Erythrocytes. The Sequences of the Nadph Domain and of the Interface Domain
  Krauth-Siegel, R.L.,Blatterspiel, R.,Saleh, M.,Schiltz, E.,Schirmer, R.H.,Untucht-Grau, R.
  (1982) Eur.J.Biochem. 121: 259
• Crystals of Human Erythrocyte Glutathione Reductase
  Schulz, G.E.,Zappe, H.,Worthington, D.J.,Rosemeyer, M.A.
  (1975) FEBS Lett. 54: 86
• Comparison of the Three-Dimensional Protein and Nucleotide Structure of the Fad-Binding Domain of P-Hydroxybenzoate Hydroxylase with the Fad-as Well as Nadph-Binding Domains of Glutathione Reductase
  Wierenga, R.K.,Drenth, J.,Schulz, G.E.
  (1983) J.Mol.Biol. 167: 725
• Low Resolution Structure of Human Erythrocyte Glutathione Reductase
  Zappe, H.A.,Krohne-Ehrich, G.,Schulz, G.E.
  (1977) J.Mol.Biol. 113: 141
• The Structure of the Flavoenzyme Glutathione Reductase
  Schulz, G.E.,Schirmer, R.H.,Sachsenheimer, W.,Pai, E.F.
  (1978) Nature 273: 120
• Interaction of a Glutathione S-Conjugate with Glutathione Reductase. Kinetic and X-Ray Crystallographic Studies
  Bilzer, M.,Krauth-Siegel, R.L.,Schirmer, R.H.,Akerboom, T.P.M.,Sies, H.,Schulz, G.E.
  (1984) Eur.J.Biochem. 138: 373
• The Catalytic Mechanism of Glutathione Reductase as Derived from X-Ray Diffraction Analyses of Reaction Intermediates
  Pai, E.F.,Schulz, G.E.
  (1983) J.Biol.Chem. 258: 1752




---

Organizational Affiliation: 

Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität, Freiburg, F.R.G.

Macromolecules

Find similar proteins by: Sequence  |  Structure

Entity ID: 1
Molecule	Chains	Sequence Length	Organism	Details
GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE	A	478	Homo sapiens	Mutation(s): 0  Gene Names: GSR (GLUR, GRD1) EC: 1.8.1.7
Find proteins for P00390 (Homo sapiens) Go to Gene View: GSR Go to UniProtKB:  P00390

Small Molecules

Ligands 3 Unique
ID	Chains	Name / Formula / InChI Key	2D Diagram & Interactions
PO4	A	PHOSPHATE ION O4 P NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K
FAD	A	FLAVIN-ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE C27 H33 N9 O15 P2 VWWQXMAJTJZDQX-UYBVJOGSSA-N
ACM	A	ACETAMIDE C2 H5 N O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

• Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
• Resolution: 2 Å
• Space Group: B 1 1 2

Unit Cell:

Length (Å)	Angle (°)
a = 119.800	α = 90.00
b = 84.500	β = 90.00
c = 63.200	γ = 58.70

Software Package:

Software Name	Purpose
TNT	refinement

Structure Validation

Entry History 

Deposition Data

• Deposited Date: 1992-12-15 
• Released Date: 1994-01-31 
• Deposition Author(s): Karplus, P.A., Schulz, G.E.

Revision History 

• Version 1.0: 1994-01-31
  Type: Initial release
• Version 1.1: 2008-03-24
  Type: Version format compliance
• Version 1.2: 2011-07-13
  Type: Derived calculations, Version format compliance