Macromolecule Content

• Total Structure Weight: 5.80 kDa 
• Atom Count: 403 
• Residue Count: 51 
• Unique protein chains: 2

1T1P

NMR STRUCTURE OF HUMAN INSULIN MUTANT HIS-B10-ASP, VAL-B12-THR, PRO-B28-LYS, LYS-B29-PRO, 15 STRUCTURES

• DOI: 10.2210/pdb1T1P/pdb
• BMRB: 1344

• Classification: HORMONE/GROWTH FACTOR
• Mutation(s): Yes 


• Deposited: 2004-04-16 Released: 2004-08-10 
• Deposition Author(s): Huang, K., Xu, B., Hu, S.Q., Chu, Y.C., Hua, Q.X., Whittaker, J., Nakagawa, S.H., De Meyts, P., Katsoyannis, P.G., Weiss, M.A.

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Experimental Data Snapshot

• Method: SOLUTION NMR
• Conformers Calculated: 50 
• Conformers Submitted: 15 
• Selection Criteria: structures with the lowest energy 

Literature

How Insulin Binds: the B-Chain alpha-Helix Contacts the L1 beta-Helix of the Insulin Receptor.

Huang, K., Xu, B., Hu, S.Q., Chu, Y.C., Hua, Q.X., Qu, Y., Li, B., Wang, S., Wang, R.Y., Nakagawa, S.H., Theede, A.M., Whittaker, J., De Meyts, P., Katsoyannis, P.G., Weiss, M.A.

(2004) J Mol Biol 341: 529-550

• PubMed: 15276842 
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.05.023
• Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
  1T1K, 1T1Q, 1T1P


• PubMed Abstract: 
  

Binding of insulin to the insulin receptor plays a central role in the hormonal control of metabolism. Here, we investigate possible contact sites between the receptor and the conserved non-polar surface of the B-chain. Evidence is presented that two contiguous sites in an alpha-helix, Val(B12) and Tyr(B16), contact the receptor. Chemical synthesis is exploited to obtain non-standard substitutions in an engineered monomer (DKP-insulin). Substitution of Tyr(B16) by an isosteric photo-activatable derivative (para-azido-phenylalanine) enables efficient cross-linking to the receptor. Such cross-linking is specific and maps to the L1 beta-helix of the alpha-subunit. Because substitution of Val(B12) by larger side-chains markedly impairs receptor binding, cross-linking studies at B12 were not undertaken. Structure-function relationships are instead probed by side-chains of similar or smaller volume: respective substitution of Val(B12) by alanine, threonine, and alpha-aminobutyric acid leads to activities of 1(+/-0.1)%, 13(+/-6)%, and 14(+/-5)% (relative to DKP-insulin) without disproportionate changes in negative cooperativity. NMR structures are essentially identical with native insulin. The absence of transmitted structural changes suggests that the low activities of B12 analogues reflect local perturbation of a "high-affinity" hormone-receptor contact. By contrast, because position B16 tolerates alanine substitution (relative activity 34(+/-10)%), the contribution of this neighboring interaction is smaller. Together, our results support a model in which the B-chain alpha-helix, functioning as an essential recognition element, docks against the L1 beta-helix of the insulin receptor.

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Related Citations: 

• MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF INVARIANT VALINE B12 IN INSULIN: IMPLICATION FOR RECEPTOR BINDING
  Nakagawa, S.H., Tager, H.S., Steiner, D.F.
  (2000) Biochemistry 39: 15826

• ALANINE SCANNING MUTAGENESIS OF INSULIN
  Kristen, C., Kjeldsen, T., Wiberg, F.C., Schaffer, L., Hach, M., Havelund, S., Bass, J., Steiner, D.F., Andersen, A.S.
  (1997) J Biol Chem 272: 12978

• STUDIES ON RECEPTOR BINDING SITE OF INSULIN: THE HYDROPHOBIC B12VAL CAN BE SUBSTITUTED BY HYDROPHILIC THR
  Wang, Q.Q., Feng, Y.M., Zhang, Y.S.
  (1996) Biochem Mol Biol Int 39: 1245

• STERIC REQUIRMENTS AT POSITION B12 FOR HIGH BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY IN INSULIN
  Hu, S.Q., Burke, G.T., Schwartz, G.P., Ferderigos, N., Ross, J.B., Katsoyannis, P.G.
  (1993) Biochemistry 32: 2631

• [12-ASPARAGINE-B] HUMAN INSULIN. AN ANALOGUE WITH MODIFICATION IN THEHYDROPHOBIC CORE OF INSULIN
  Schwartz, G.P., Burke, P.G., Katsoyannis, P.G.
  (1981) Int J Pept Protein Res 17: 243

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Organizational Affiliation: 

Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland OH 44106-4935, USA.

Macromolecules

Entity ID: 1
Molecule	Chains	Sequence Length	Organism	Details	Image
insulin	A	21	N/A	Mutation(s): 0
Find proteins for P01308 (Homo sapiens) Explore P01308  Go to UniProtKB:  P01308
NIH Common Fund Data Resources
PHAROS  P01308

Entity ID: 2
Molecule	Chains	Sequence Length	Organism	Details	Image
Insulin	B	30	N/A	Mutation(s): 4
Find proteins for P01308 (Homo sapiens) Explore P01308  Go to UniProtKB:  P01308
NIH Common Fund Data Resources
PHAROS  P01308

Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

• Method: SOLUTION NMR
• Conformers Calculated: 50 
• Conformers Submitted: 15 
• Selection Criteria: structures with the lowest energy 
• OLDERADO: 1T1P Olderado

Structure Validation

Entry History 

Deposition Data

• Deposited Date: 2004-04-16 
• Released Date: 2004-08-10 
Deposition Author(s): Huang, K., Xu, B., Hu, S.Q., Chu, Y.C., Hua, Q.X., Whittaker, J., Nakagawa, S.H., De Meyts, P., Katsoyannis, P.G., Weiss, M.A.

Revision History 

• Version 1.0: 2004-08-10
  Type: Initial release
  
• Version 1.1: 2008-04-30
  Changes: Version format compliance
• Version 1.2: 2011-07-13
  Changes: Version format compliance