1MAR | pdb_00001mar

REFINED 1.8 ANGSTROMS STRUCTURE OF HUMAN ALDOSE REDUCTASE COMPLEXED WITH THE POTENT INHIBITOR ZOPOLRESTAT

• PDB DOI: https://doi.org/10.2210/pdb1MAR/pdb

• Classification: OXIDOREDUCTASE(NADP)
• Organism(s): Homo sapiens
• Expression System: Escherichia coli
• Mutation(s): No 


• Deposited: 1993-07-20 Released: 1995-07-20 
• Deposition Author(s): Wilson, D.K., Quiocho, F.A.

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Experimental Data Snapshot

• Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
• Resolution: 1.80 Å
• R-Value Work: 
  0.180 (Depositor) 
• R-Value Observed: 
  0.180 (Depositor) 

Literature

Refined 1.8 A structure of human aldose reductase complexed with the potent inhibitor zopolrestat.

Wilson, D.K., Tarle, I., Petrash, J.M., Quiocho, F.A.

(1993) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90: 9847-9851

• PubMed: 8234324 
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.90.21.9847
• Primary Citation Related Structures: 
  1MAR


• PubMed Abstract: 
  

  As the action of aldose reductase (EC 1.1.1.21) is believed to be linked to the pathogenesis of diabetic complications affecting the nervous, renal, and visual systems, the development of therapeutic agents has attracted intense effort. We report the refined 1.8 A x-ray structure of the human holoenzyme complexed with zopolrestat, one of the most potent noncompetitive inhibitors. The zopolrestat fits snugly in the hydrophobic active site pocket and induces a hinge-flap motion of two peptide segments that closes the pocket. Excellent complementarity and affinity are achieved on inhibitor binding by the formation of 110 contacts (< or = 4 A) with 15 residues (10 hydrophobic), 13 with the NADPH coenzyme and 9 with four water molecules. The structure is key to understanding the mode of action of this class of inhibitors and for rational design of better therapeutics.

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Organizational Affiliation: 
• Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.

Biological Assembly 1  

Global Symmetry: Asymmetric - C1 
Global Stoichiometry: Monomer - A1 

Biological assembly 1 assigned by authors.

Macromolecule Content 

• Total Structure Weight: 36.93 kDa 
• Atom Count: 392 
• Modeled Residue Count: 315 
• Deposited Residue Count: 315 
• Unique protein chains: 1

Macromolecules

Entity ID: 1
Molecule	Chains	Sequence Length	Organism	Details	Image
ALDOSE REDUCTASE	A	315	Homo sapiens	Mutation(s): 0  EC: 1.1.1.21 (PDB Primary Data), 1.1.1.372 (UniProt), 1.1.1.300 (UniProt), 1.1.1.54 (UniProt)
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources
Find proteins for P15121 (Homo sapiens) Explore P15121  Go to UniProtKB:  P15121
PHAROS:  P15121 GTEx:  ENSG00000085662

Small Molecules

Ligands 2 Unique
ID	Chains	Name / Formula / InChI Key	2D Diagram
NAP	B [auth A]	NADP NICOTINAMIDE-ADENINE-DINUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE C21 H28 N7 O17 P3 XJLXINKUBYWONI-NNYOXOHSSA-N
ZST	C [auth A]	3,4-DIHYDRO-4-OXO-3-((5-TRIFLUOROMETHYL-2-BENZOTHIAZOLYL)METHYL)-1-PHTHALAZINE ACETIC ACID C19 H12 F3 N3 O3 S BCSVCWVQNOXFGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Binding Affinity Annotations
ID	Source	Binding Affinity
ZST	BindingDB:  1MAR	Ki: 19 (nM) from 1 assay(s)
		IC50: min: 1.9, max: 60 (nM) from 17 assay(s)

Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

• Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
• Resolution: 1.80 Å
• R-Value Work:  0.180 (Depositor) 
• R-Value Observed: 0.180 (Depositor) 

Space Group: P 1

Unit Cell:

Length ( Å )	Angle ( ˚ )
a = 47.64	α = 64.47
b = 48.04	β = 76.77
c = 40.48	γ = 76.07

Software Package:

Software Name	Purpose
X-PLOR	model building
X-PLOR	refinement
X-PLOR	phasing

Structure Validation

Entry History 

Deposition Data

• Released Date: 1995-07-20 
Deposition Author(s): Wilson, D.K., Quiocho, F.A.

Revision History  

• Version 1.0: 1995-07-20
  Type: Initial release
  
• Version 1.1: 2008-03-24
  Changes: Version format compliance
• Version 1.2: 2011-07-13
  Changes: Version format compliance
• Version 1.3: 2024-02-14
  Changes: Data collection, Database references, Derived calculations, Other