Alanine scanning mutagenesis of the alpha-helix 115-123 of phage T4 lysozyme: effects on structure, stability and the binding of solvent.

Blaber, M.; Baase, W.A.; Gassner, N.; Matthews, B.W.

doi:10.2210/pdb157l/pdb

Macromolecule Content

Total Structure Weight: 18506.14
Atom Count: 1279
Residue Count: 164
Unique protein chains: 1

157L

CONTROL OF ENZYME ACTIVITY BY AN ENGINEERED DISULFIDE BOND

DOI: 10.2210/pdb157L/pdb

Classification: HYDROLASE(O-GLYCOSYL)
Organism(s): Enterobacteria phage T4

Deposited: 1994-06-20 Released: 1994-08-31
Deposition Author(s): Blaber, M., Matthews, B.W.

Experimental Data Snapshot

Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution: 1.85 Å

wwPDB Validation3D Report Full Report

This is version 1.3 of the entry. See complete history.

Literature

Alanine scanning mutagenesis of the alpha-helix 115-123 of phage T4 lysozyme: effects on structure, stability and the binding of solvent.

Blaber, M., Baase, W.A., Gassner, N., Matthews, B.W.

(1995) J.Mol.Biol. 246: 317-330

PubMed: 7869383 Search on PubMed
DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1994.0087
Primary Citation of Related Structures:
166L, 165L, 164L, 163L, 162L, 161L, 160L, 159L, 158L, 156L, 155L

PubMed Abstract:

A series of individual alanine mutations has been constructed in the helical region 115 to 123 in phage T4 lysozyme in order to evaluate the contribution to protein stability of the different side-chains within this region. Pairwise alanine mutations and a combination mutant with seven alanine substitutions were constructed to evaluate the additive effects upon structure and stability. Only three residues within this region (Ser117, Leu118 and Leu121) have a substantial influence upon stability (change in free energy of unfolding greater than 1.0 kcal/mol). Replacement of Ser117 with alanine results in an increase in protein stability of 1.27 kcal/mol, apparently due to the release of strain present in the wild-type protein. Replacement of the buried residues Leu118 and Leu121 is destabilizing. Substitution of the remaining six residues with alanine has relatively little effect on stability. This is consistent with prior studies showing that only 20 to 30% of the residues in amphipathic helices in T4 lysozyme are critical for stability. For some of the pairwise alanine mutants the effects on stability are additive. For most of these mutants, however, there is a slight (approximately 0.15 to 0.25 kcal/mol) non-additivity such that the double mutant is more stable than the sum of the constituent single mutants. This effect is consistently observed for residues with positions i, i +4; i.e. adjacent, but in consecutive turns of the helix, suggesting a weak but significant interaction between these amino acid residues. A more pronounced non-additivity (approximately 0.5 kcal/mol) is seen in the seven-alanine combination mutant. This non-additivity is due to a modest "collapse" or "repacking" that occurs for the combination mutants (especially the multiple alanine mutant) but is not possible for the single replacements. The truncation of some side-chains permits an increase in solvent accessibility of main-chain amide and carbonyl groups. This effect is most pronounced for the seven-alanine combination mutant, where two solvent molecules, not present in wild-type, hydrogen bond to main-chain carbonyl groups in the middle region of the helix. It has been suggested that the binding of such water molecules might represent the first step in solvent-mediated unfolding of an alpha-helix. The appearance of ordered solvent, however, appears to have very little effect on stability (approximately less than 0.2 kcal/mol).

Related Citations:

Structure of Bacteriophage T4 Lysozyme Refined at 1.7 Angstroms Resolution
Weaver, L.H.,Matthews, B.W.
(1987) J.Mol.Biol. 193: 189

Organizational Affiliation:

Institute of Molecular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene 97403.

Macromolecules

Find similar proteins by: Sequence | Structure

Entity ID: 1
Molecule	Chains	Sequence Length	Organism	Details
T4 LYSOZYME	A	164	Enterobacteria phage T4	Gene Names: E EC: 3.2.1.17
Find proteins for P00720 (Enterobacteria phage T4) Go to UniProtKB: P00720
Protein Feature View Full Protein Feature View for P00720

Small Molecules

Ligands 2 Unique
ID	Chains	Name / Formula / InChI Key	2D Diagram & Interactions	3D Interactions
CL Query on CL Download SDF File Download CCD File	A	CHLORIDE ION Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M		Ligand Interaction
BME Query on BME Download SDF File Download CCD File	A	BETA-MERCAPTOETHANOL C₂ H₆ O S DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N		Ligand Interaction