Exoenzyme T

UniProtKB accession:  Q9I788

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UniProtKB description:  Bifunctional effector protein that is secreted and delivered by the type III secretion system into eukaryotic target cells. The N-terminus encodes a GTPase-activating protein activity, whereas the C-terminus encodes an ADP-ribosyltransferase activity (PubMed:11298647). ADP-ribosylates several eukaryotic proteins including CT10 regulator of kinase (Crk) proteins (PubMed:12807879). In turn, induces atypical anoikis apoptosis by transforming Crk adaptor protein into a cytotoxin (PubMed:26020630). Affects host cell morphology by disrupting the actin cytoskeleton (PubMed:14688136). In addition to this activity, acts via its N-terminal region as a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for host Rho GTPases including RhoA, Rac1, Cdc42 and Ras (PubMed:11895987). The GAP domain activity induces mitochondrial disruption in the target host cell by activating host caspases 3 and 9 that execute cellular death (PubMed:26451042). This activity also causes stress fiber disassembly (PubMed:11895987).