Neutral amino acid transporter 9

UniProtKB accession:  Q8NBW4

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UniProtKB description:  Lysosomal amino acid transporter involved in the activation of mTORC1 in response to amino acid levels (PubMed:25567906, PubMed:25561175, PubMed:29053970). Probably acts as an amino acid sensor of the Rag GTPases and Ragulator complexes, 2 complexes involved in amino acid sensing and activation of mTORC1, a signaling complex promoting cell growth in response to growth factors, energy levels, and amino acids (PubMed:25567906, PubMed:29053970). Following activation by amino acids, the Ragulator and Rag GTPases function as a scaffold recruiting mTORC1 to lysosomes where it is in turn activated (PubMed:25567906, PubMed:25561175). SLC38A9 mediates transport of amino acids with low capacity and specificity with a slight preference for polar amino acids (PubMed:25561175, PubMed:25567906). Acts as an arginine sensor (PubMed:25567906, PubMed:29053970, PubMed:31295473). Following activation by arginine binding, mediates transport of L-glutamine, leucine and tyrosine with high efficiency, and is required for the efficient utilization of these amino acids after lysosomal protein degradation (PubMed:29053970, PubMed:31295473). However, the transport mechanism is not well defined and the role of sodium is not clear (PubMed:25561175, PubMed:31295473). Can disassemble the lysosomal folliculin complex (LFC), and thereby triggers GAP activity of FLCN:FNIP2 toward RRAGC (PubMed:32868926). Acts as an cholesterol sensor that conveys increases in lysosomal cholesterol, leading to lysosomal recruitment and activation of mTORC1 via the Rag GTPases (PubMed:28336668). Guanine exchange factor (GEF) that, upon arginine binding, stimulates GDP release from RRAGA and therefore activates the Rag GTPase heterodimer and the mTORC1 pathway in response to nutrient sufficiency (PubMed:30181260).