DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease 2

UniProtKB accession:  Q6DDT4

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UniProtKB description:  Functions as a weak apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endodeoxyribonuclease in the DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway of DNA lesions induced by oxidative and alkylating agents (PubMed:23754435, PubMed:29361157, PubMed:28028224, PubMed:32516598). Initiates repair of AP sites in DNA by catalyzing hydrolytic incision of the phosphodiester backbone immediately adjacent to the damage, generating a single-strand break with 5'-deoxyribose phosphate and 3'-hydroxyl ends (PubMed:28028224, PubMed:32516598). Exhibits 3'-5' exonuclease activity on a 3' DNA substrate; nuclease activity is stimulated by interaction with pcna (PubMed:28028224, PubMed:32516598). Has a preference for the 3' recessed ends over blunt-ended substrates, in both the presence and the absence of pcna (PubMed:28028224). Generates single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) via 3'-5' single-strand break (SSB) end resection, thereby promoting a DNA damage response via replication protein A (rpa2)-binding to ssDNA and the recruitment of a checkpoint protein complex, including atr, atr-interacting protein atrip, and rad9, to damage sites following oxidative stress (PubMed:23754435, PubMed:29361157, PubMed:28028224). Plays a role in reversing blocked 3' DNA ends, problematic lesions that preclude DNA synthesis (PubMed:32516598). Required for chek1 phosphorylation induced by hydrogen peroxide but not by stalled replication forks (PubMed:23754435).