7CIO | pdb_00007cio

Molecular interactions of cytoplasmic region of CTLA-4 with SH2 domains of PI3-kinase

External Resource: Annotation

Domain Annotation: SCOP2 Classification
Domain Annotation: ECOD Classification
Protein Family Annotation
Gene Ontology: Gene Product Annotation
InterPro: Protein Family Classification
Pharos: Disease Associations
Protein Modification Annotation

Domain Annotation: SCOP2 Classification SCOP2 Database Homepage

Chains	Type	Family Name	Domain Identifier	Family Identifier	Provenance Source (Version)
A	SCOP2B Superfamily	SH2 domain	8033066	3000197	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)

Domain Annotation: ECOD Classification ECOD Database Homepage

Chains	Family Name	Domain Identifier	Architecture	Possible Homology	Homology	Topology	Family	Provenance Source (Version)
A	SH2	e7cioA1	A: a+b two layers	X: SH2 (From Topology)	H: SH2 (From Topology)	T: SH2	F: SH2	ECOD (1.6)

Protein Family Annotation Pfam Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Description	Comments	Source
A	PF00017	SH2 domain (SH2)	SH2 domain		Domain

Gene Ontology: Gene Product Annotation Gene Ontology Database Homepage

Chains	Polymer	Molecular Function	Biological Process	Cellular Component
A	Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha	protein binding binding insulin receptor substrate binding amide binding peptide hormone binding hormone binding insulin binding signaling receptor binding insulin receptor binding phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase binding enzyme regulator activity kinase activator activity enzyme activator activity molecular function activator activity protein binding binding insulin receptor substrate binding amide binding peptide hormone binding hormone binding insulin binding signaling receptor binding insulin receptor binding phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase binding enzyme regulator activity kinase activator activity enzyme activator activity molecular function activator activity molecular function regulator activity kinase regulator activity phosphoprotein binding phosphotyrosine residue binding protein phosphorylated amino acid binding protein phosphatase binding phosphatase binding enzyme binding neurotrophin TRK receptor binding neurotrophin TRKA receptor binding cytokine receptor binding neurotrophin receptor binding phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulator activity phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activator activity insulin-like growth factor receptor binding transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase adaptor activity protein tyrosine kinase binding receptor tyrosine kinase binding protein kinase binding molecular adaptor activity signaling adaptor activity signaling receptor complex adaptor activity kinase binding protein-macromolecule adaptor activity 1-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase regulator activity protein heterodimerization activity protein dimerization activity phosphatidylinositol kinase activity kinase activity lipid kinase activity transferase activity catalytic activity phosphotransferase activity, alcohol group as acceptor transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit binding enzyme-substrate adaptor activity ErbB-3 class receptor binding	cellular response to stimulus regulation of biological process regulation of cellular process cell surface receptor signaling pathway response to stimulus signaling biological regulation response to cytokine cytokine-mediated signaling pathway cell communication response to peptide response to chemical cellular process cellular response to cytokine stimulus cellular response to stimulus regulation of biological process regulation of cellular process cell surface receptor signaling pathway response to stimulus signaling biological regulation response to cytokine cytokine-mediated signaling pathway cell communication response to peptide response to chemical cellular process cellular response to cytokine stimulus signal transduction cellular homeostasis chemical homeostasis homeostatic process glucose homeostasis carbohydrate homeostasis intracellular chemical homeostasis intracellular glucose homeostasis regulation of protein stability regulation of biological quality protein stabilization positive regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane regulation of localization cellular localization regulation of protein localization positive regulation of biological process localization intracellular protein localization regulation of protein localization to membrane positive regulation of cellular process positive regulation of protein localization to cell periphery protein localization to cell periphery protein localization to plasma membrane positive regulation of protein localization to membrane regulation of protein localization to cell periphery localization within membrane protein localization to membrane regulation of cellular localization macromolecule localization positive regulation of protein localization regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane cell adhesion substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading cell-substrate adhesion establishment of protein localization nitrogen compound transport nucleocytoplasmic transport transport nuclear transport intracellular transport protein localization to nucleus establishment of localization import into nucleus establishment of protein localization to organelle protein transport establishment of localization in cell protein localization to organelle protein import into nucleus intracellular protein transport myeloid leukocyte differentiation regulation of leukocyte differentiation multicellular organismal process cellular developmental process regulation of developmental process negative regulation of biological process cell development regulation of cell differentiation regulation of cell development regulation of osteoclast differentiation multicellular organism development cell differentiation osteoclast differentiation anatomical structure development negative regulation of cellular process regulation of immune system process regulation of multicellular organismal process negative regulation of cell differentiation negative regulation of hemopoiesis developmental process regulation of multicellular organismal development negative regulation of leukocyte differentiation hemopoiesis regulation of myeloid cell differentiation negative regulation of developmental process regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation negative regulation of myeloid cell differentiation negative regulation of osteoclast differentiation negative regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation negative regulation of cell development myeloid cell differentiation negative regulation of immune system process immune system process regulation of hemopoiesis negative regulation of multicellular organismal process leukocyte differentiation insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway cell surface receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway enzyme-linked receptor protein signaling pathway cell activation mononuclear cell differentiation lymphocyte activation lymphocyte differentiation leukocyte activation T cell activation T cell differentiation positive regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport positive regulation of establishment of protein localization regulation of protein localization to nucleus positive regulation of protein transport regulation of protein import into nucleus positive regulation of intracellular transport regulation of intracellular transport regulation of transport positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus regulation of establishment of protein localization positive regulation of protein import into nucleus regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport regulation of protein transport positive regulation of transport regulation of intracellular protein transport positive regulation of intracellular protein transport extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors cell death extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway apoptotic signaling pathway apoptotic process programmed cell death cellular response to nitrogen compound response to peptide hormone cellular response to growth hormone stimulus cellular response to endogenous stimulus response to hormone cellular response to hormone stimulus growth hormone receptor signaling pathway response to endogenous stimulus cellular response to peptide hormone stimulus response to oxygen-containing compound response to nitrogen compound cellular response to oxygen-containing compound response to growth hormone cellular response to chemical stimulus cell population proliferation regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation positive regulation of cell population proliferation smooth muscle cell proliferation positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation regulation of cell population proliferation muscle cell proliferation cellular component disassembly regulation of focal adhesion disassembly regulation of cellular component organization positive regulation of cellular component organization focal adhesion disassembly cell junction disassembly cell-substrate junction disassembly positive regulation of cell-substrate junction organization cellular component organization cell junction organization positive regulation of focal adhesion disassembly cell-substrate junction organization regulation of cell-substrate junction organization cellular component organization or biogenesis positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription RNA metabolic process positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process regulation of primary metabolic process nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process RNA biosynthetic process nucleic acid biosynthetic process positive regulation of metabolic process DNA-templated transcription regulation of RNA metabolic process transcription by RNA polymerase II positive regulation of biosynthetic process positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process regulation of RNA biosynthetic process regulation of biosynthetic process regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II primary metabolic process regulation of macromolecule metabolic process positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process gene expression macromolecule biosynthetic process nucleic acid metabolic process positive regulation of RNA metabolic process regulation of gene expression biosynthetic process positive regulation of RNA biosynthetic process metabolic process regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process macromolecule metabolic process regulation of DNA-templated transcription regulation of metabolic process cellular response to stress response to stress response to endoplasmic reticulum stress B cell activation B cell differentiation immune response intracellular signal transduction intracellular signaling cassette phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction negative regulation of programmed cell death regulation of apoptotic process regulation of programmed cell death negative regulation of apoptotic process regulation of cytoskeleton organization regulation of actin filament-based process regulation of actin filament bundle assembly cellular component biogenesis cellular component assembly actin filament bundle organization actin filament-based process stress fiber assembly negative regulation of supramolecular fiber organization regulation of actin filament organization negative regulation of stress fiber assembly actin cytoskeleton organization actomyosin structure organization negative regulation of cellular component organization negative regulation of cytoskeleton organization actin filament organization regulation of cellular component biogenesis negative regulation of actin filament bundle assembly regulation of organelle organization regulation of stress fiber assembly organelle organization negative regulation of organelle organization contractile actin filament bundle assembly regulation of actomyosin structure organization regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization actin filament bundle assembly regulation of supramolecular fiber organization supramolecular fiber organization cytoskeleton organization phosphatidylinositol metabolic process glycerophospholipid biosynthetic process glycerophospholipid metabolic process lipid biosynthetic process phosphatidylinositol phosphate biosynthetic process phospholipid biosynthetic process phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process phospholipid metabolic process glycerolipid biosynthetic process organophosphate metabolic process organophosphate biosynthetic process phosphate-containing compound metabolic process glycerolipid metabolic process phosphorus metabolic process lipid metabolic process lymphocyte mediated immunity biological process involved in interspecies interaction between organisms response to other organism defense response defense response to symbiont response to external stimulus leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity response to biotic stimulus immune effector process defense response to other organism natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity innate immune response leukocyte mediated immunity response to external biotic stimulus natural killer cell mediated immunity cell killing RNA processing RNA splicing regulation of RNA splicing positive regulation of gene expression positive regulation of RNA splicing positive regulation of locomotion regulation of cell motility regulation of leukocyte migration positive regulation of leukocyte migration positive regulation of cell migration leukocyte migration regulation of locomotion positive regulation of cell motility regulation of cell migration cell migration cell motility positive regulation of immune system process locomotion DNA damage response intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway insulin receptor signaling pathway response to insulin cellular response to insulin stimulus response to light stimulus cellular response to radiation response to UV cellular response to environmental stimulus cellular response to light stimulus response to radiation response to abiotic stimulus cellular response to abiotic stimulus cellular response to UV regulation of cell-substrate adhesion regulation of cell adhesion negative regulation of cell-matrix adhesion negative regulation of cell adhesion cell-matrix adhesion regulation of cell-matrix adhesion negative regulation of cell-substrate adhesion myeloid leukocyte migration filopodium assembly cell projection organization regulation of filopodium assembly plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly positive regulation of cell projection organization positive regulation of filopodium assembly plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization positive regulation of cellular component biogenesis regulation of cell projection organization regulation of cell projection assembly regulation of plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly cell projection assembly regulation of plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization positive regulation of plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly cell activation involved in immune response CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation involved in immune response alpha-beta T cell differentiation involved in immune response alpha-beta T cell differentiation T cell activation involved in immune response alpha-beta T cell activation involved in immune response CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation leukocyte activation involved in immune response alpha-beta T cell activation T follicular helper cell differentiation lymphocyte activation involved in immune response T-helper cell differentiation T cell differentiation involved in immune response positive regulation of response to biotic stimulus immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signaling pathway pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway regulation of signal transduction immune response-activating signaling pathway positive regulation of immune response cell surface toll-like receptor signaling pathway innate immune response-activating signaling pathway immune response-activating cell surface receptor signaling pathway regulation of innate immune response regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway regulation of response to stimulus regulation of pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway positive regulation of defense response activation of innate immune response regulation of immune response activation of immune response regulation of defense response regulation of response to biotic stimulus regulation of response to external stimulus innate immune response activating cell surface receptor signaling pathway positive regulation of response to stimulus positive regulation of response to external stimulus immune response-regulating signaling pathway regulation of response to stress cell surface pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway regulation of signaling positive regulation of innate immune response toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway regulation of cell communication hexose transmembrane transport D-glucose import carbohydrate transport positive regulation of D-glucose transmembrane transport positive regulation of transmembrane transport regulation of D-glucose import positive regulation of D-glucose import transmembrane transport regulation of transmembrane transport D-glucose transmembrane transport regulation of D-glucose transmembrane transport monosaccharide transmembrane transport carbohydrate transmembrane transport regulation of tumor necrosis factor production positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production cytokine production regulation of cytokine production tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production tumor necrosis factor production regulation of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production positive regulation of multicellular organismal process positive regulation of cytokine production cellular response to interleukin-18 response to interleukin-18 interleukin-18-mediated signaling pathway regulation of lamellipodium assembly regulation of lamellipodium organization lamellipodium assembly positive regulation of lamellipodium assembly positive regulation of lamellipodium organization lamellipodium organization positive regulation of cell communication positive regulation of signal transduction regulation of cellular response to stress endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response regulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response positive regulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress regulation of intracellular signal transduction positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response cellular response to topologically incorrect protein positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction cellular response to unfolded protein response to unfolded protein response to topologically incorrect protein positive regulation of signaling	cellular anatomical structure membrane cell-cell junction anchoring junction cell junction intracellular anatomical structure cytoplasm cytosol perinuclear region of cytoplasm protein-containing complex catalytic complex phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class I membrane protein complex transferase complex cellular anatomical structure membrane cell-cell junction anchoring junction cell junction intracellular anatomical structure cytoplasm cytosol perinuclear region of cytoplasm protein-containing complex catalytic complex phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class I membrane protein complex transferase complex phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class IA phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex transferase complex, transferring phosphorus-containing groups extrinsic component of membrane membrane-bounded organelle intracellular organelle Golgi apparatus cis-Golgi network organelle intracellular membrane-bounded organelle endomembrane system perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum membrane organelle subcompartment endoplasmic reticulum subcompartment perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum nuclear outer membrane-endoplasmic reticulum membrane network endoplasmic reticulum organelle membrane endoplasmic reticulum membrane cell periphery plasma membrane nucleus
B	Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4	-	cellular response to stimulus cellular response to stress response to stimulus DNA damage response response to stress cellular process negative regulation of lymphocyte proliferation multicellular organismal process regulation of cellular process regulation of leukocyte activation negative regulation of biological process regulation of cell activation lymphocyte activation negative regulation of lymphocyte activation cellular response to stimulus cellular response to stress response to stimulus DNA damage response response to stress cellular process negative regulation of lymphocyte proliferation multicellular organismal process regulation of cellular process regulation of leukocyte activation negative regulation of biological process regulation of cell activation lymphocyte activation negative regulation of lymphocyte activation leukocyte proliferation leukocyte activation negative regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation negative regulation of leukocyte proliferation regulation of B cell proliferation lymphocyte proliferation regulation of B cell activation negative regulation of cellular process regulation of immune system process regulation of multicellular organismal process negative regulation of B cell activation regulation of lymphocyte proliferation regulation of leukocyte proliferation regulation of biological process negative regulation of cell population proliferation cell population proliferation B cell activation biological regulation cell activation B cell proliferation negative regulation of B cell proliferation negative regulation of cell activation negative regulation of immune system process regulation of cell population proliferation mononuclear cell proliferation immune system process regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation negative regulation of multicellular organismal process negative regulation of leukocyte activation regulation of lymphocyte activation immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signaling pathway signaling positive regulation of biological process cell communication positive regulation of response to stimulus immune response-activating signaling pathway immune response-regulating signaling pathway positive regulation of immune response signal transduction positive regulation of immune system process cell surface receptor signaling pathway immune response-activating cell surface receptor signaling pathway immune response B cell receptor signaling pathway regulation of response to stimulus regulation of immune response antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway activation of immune response T cell receptor signaling pathway adaptive immune response positive regulation of programmed cell death regulation of apoptotic process regulation of programmed cell death cell death positive regulation of apoptotic process apoptotic process programmed cell death positive regulation of cellular process negative regulation of T cell proliferation negative regulation of cell adhesion T cell activation negative regulation of T cell activation negative regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion leukocyte cell-cell adhesion cell adhesion cell-cell adhesion regulation of cell-cell adhesion T cell proliferation regulation of cell adhesion regulation of T cell activation regulation of T cell proliferation regulation of leukocyte differentiation mononuclear cell differentiation regulation of cell differentiation lymphocyte differentiation regulation of cell development multicellular organism development negative regulation of T cell differentiation cell differentiation anatomical structure development T cell differentiation negative regulation of hemopoiesis developmental process negative regulation of leukocyte differentiation negative regulation of lymphocyte differentiation leukocyte differentiation cellular developmental process regulation of developmental process cell development regulation of T cell differentiation negative regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation negative regulation of cell differentiation regulation of lymphocyte differentiation regulation of multicellular organismal development hemopoiesis negative regulation of developmental process regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation negative regulation of cell development regulatory T cell differentiation regulation of hemopoiesis	cell periphery cellular anatomical structure cell surface membrane plasma membrane external side of plasma membrane side of membrane membrane-bounded organelle intracellular organelle intracellular anatomical structure Golgi apparatus organelle cytoplasm intracellular membrane-bounded organelle cell periphery cellular anatomical structure cell surface membrane plasma membrane external side of plasma membrane side of membrane membrane-bounded organelle intracellular organelle intracellular anatomical structure Golgi apparatus organelle cytoplasm intracellular membrane-bounded organelle endomembrane system perinuclear region of cytoplasm intracellular vesicle clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle cytoplasmic vesicle clathrin-coated vesicle coated vesicle vesicle endocytic vesicle protein-containing complex protein complex involved in cell adhesion

InterPro: Protein Family Classification InterPro Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Type
A	IPR036028	SH3-like domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
A	IPR008936	Rho GTPase activation protein	Homologous Superfamily
A	IPR035020	PI3K p85 subunit, C-terminal SH2 domain	Domain
A	IPR035591	Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha, SH3 domain	Domain
A	IPR032498	PI3K regulatory subunit p85-related , inter-SH2 domain	Domain
A	IPR001452	SH3 domain	Domain
A	IPR035022	PI3K p85 subunit, N-terminal SH2 domain	Domain
A	IPR036860	SH2 domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
A	IPR000980	SH2 domain	Domain
A	IPR000198	Rho GTPase-activating protein domain	Domain
A	IPR044124	PIK3R1, inter-SH2 domain	Domain
B	IPR040216	Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4/CD28	Family
B	IPR008096	Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4	Family
B	IPR036179	Immunoglobulin-like domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
B	IPR013783	Immunoglobulin-like fold	Homologous Superfamily
B	IPR013106	Immunoglobulin V-set domain	Domain
B	IPR003599	Immunoglobulin domain subtype	Domain

Pharos: Disease Associations Pharos Homepage Annotation

Chains	Drug Target	Associated Disease
A	Pharos: P27986	SHORT syndrome immunodeficiency 36 agammaglobulinemia 7, autosomal recessive Burkitt lymphoma cancer prostate cancer glioblastoma Insulin Resistance carcinoma sarcomatoid carcinoma dermatomyositis primitive neuroectodermal tumor Gaucher disease psoriasis intellectual disability SHORT syndrome immunodeficiency 36 agammaglobulinemia 7, autosomal recessive Burkitt lymphoma cancer prostate cancer glioblastoma Insulin Resistance carcinoma sarcomatoid carcinoma dermatomyositis primitive neuroectodermal tumor Gaucher disease psoriasis intellectual disability vitiligo juvenile dermatomyositis lung cancer agammaglobulinemia medulloblastoma atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor oligodendroglioma breast cancer ovarian carcinoma colorectal adenocarcinoma Pick disease ductal breast carcinoma in situ rheumatoid arthritis tuberculosis interstitial cystitis large cell medulloblastoma activated PI3K-delta syndrome mammary neoplasms, animal autosomal agammaglobulinemia osteosarcoma breast carcinoma ovarian neoplasm cystic fibrosis pituitary cancer exocrine pancreatic carcinoma glioma undifferentiated carcinoma invasive ductal breast carcinoma lung adenocarcinoma malignant pancreatic neoplasm atrial fibrillation non-small cell lung carcinoma autosomal recessive agammaglobulinemia 1 ovarian cancer Parkinson disease
B	Pharos: P16410	Hashimoto thyroiditis rheumatoid arthritis systemic lupus erythematosus oral submucous fibrosis alopecia areata juvenile idiopathic arthritis Graves disease autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome due to CTLA4 haploinsuffiency celiac disease melanoma adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma type 1 diabetes mellitus 12 granulomatosis with polyangiitis peripheral nervous system disease graft versus host disease Hashimoto thyroiditis rheumatoid arthritis systemic lupus erythematosus oral submucous fibrosis alopecia areata juvenile idiopathic arthritis Graves disease autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome due to CTLA4 haploinsuffiency celiac disease melanoma adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma type 1 diabetes mellitus 12 granulomatosis with polyangiitis peripheral nervous system disease graft versus host disease mycosis fungoides peripheral neuropathy primary cutaneous T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma Sezary syndrome vitiligo cutaneous lupus erythematosus Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous diabetes mellitus malignant pleural mesothelioma gastric cancer ovarian disease acquired metabolic disease primary biliary cholangitis HIV infectious disease prostate disease autoimmune disease interstitial cystitis B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia Sjogren syndrome breast cancer kidney disease lung cancer ulcerative colitis colitis cutaneous melanoma major depressive disorder gastric carcinoma myasthenia gravis granulomatous slack skin disease osteosarcoma acute T cell leukemia head and neck cancer primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma arthritic joint disease hypothyroidism psoriasis autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome invasive ductal breast carcinoma schizophrenia bipolar disorder skin basal cell carcinoma breast disease type 1 diabetes mellitus celiac disease, susceptibility to, 3 lung disease colonic disease lymphatic system disease demyelinating disease malignant colon neoplasm ovarian cancer hematologic disease atopic eczema inborn carbohydrate metabolic disorder renal cell carcinoma brain disease skin disease cancer liver disease chronic obstructive pulmonary disease lupus erythematosus

Protein Modification Annotation

Modified Residue(s)
Chain	Residue(s)	Description
B	PTR	Parent Component: TYR RESID: AA0039 PSI-MOD : O4'-phospho-L-tyrosine MOD:00048

RCSB PDB Core Operations are funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (DBI-2321666), the US Department of Energy (DE-SC0019749), and the National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under grant R01GM157729.