SARS-CoV-2 has largely evolved to resist antibody pressure, with each successive viral variant becoming more and more resistant to serum antibodies in the population. This evolution renders all previously authorized anti-spike therapeutic monoclonal antibodies inactive, and it threatens the remaining pipelines against COVID-19. We report herein the isolation of a human monoclonal antibody with a broad but incomplete SARS-CoV-2 neutralization profile, but structural analyses and mutational scanning lead to the engineering of variants that result in greater antibody flexibility while binding to the viral spike. Three such optimized monoclonal antibodies neutralize all SARS-CoV-2 strains tested with much improved potency and breadth, including against subvariants XEC and LP.8.1. The findings of this study not only present antibody candidates for clinical development against COVID-19, but also introduce an engineering approach to improve antibody activity via increasing conformational flexibility.
Organizational Affiliation:
Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
Pandemic Research Alliance unit at the Wu Center for Pandemic Research, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
Large Molecules Research, Sanofi R&D, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA. lss8@cumc.columbia.edu.
Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. lss8@cumc.columbia.edu.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA. lss8@cumc.columbia.edu.
Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA. ll3411@cumc.columbia.edu.
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA. ll3411@cumc.columbia.edu.
State Key Laboratory of Virology and Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China. ll3411@cumc.columbia.edu.
Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA. dh2994@cumc.columbia.edu.
Pandemic Research Alliance unit at the Wu Center for Pandemic Research, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA. dh2994@cumc.columbia.edu.
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA. dh2994@cumc.columbia.edu.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA. dh2994@cumc.columbia.edu.
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