6X0N

Bridging of double-strand DNA break activates PARP2/HPF1 to modify chromatin


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
  • Resolution: 10.0 Å
  • Aggregation State: PARTICLE 
  • Reconstruction Method: SINGLE PARTICLE 

wwPDB Validation   3D Report Full Report


This is version 1.3 of the entry. See complete history


Literature

Bridging of DNA breaks activates PARP2-HPF1 to modify chromatin.

Bilokapic, S.Suskiewicz, M.J.Ahel, I.Halic, M.

(2020) Nature 585: 609-613

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2725-7
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    6WZ5, 6WZ9, 6X0L, 6X0M, 6X0N

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    Breaks in DNA strands recruit the protein PARP1 and its paralogue PARP2 to modify histones and other substrates through the addition of mono- and poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) 1-5 . In the DNA damage responses, this post-translational modification occurs predominantly on serine residues 6-8 and requires HPF1, an accessory factor that switches the amino acid specificity of PARP1 and PARP2 from aspartate or glutamate to serine 9,10 . Poly(ADP) ribosylation (PARylation) is important for subsequent chromatin decompaction and provides an anchor for the recruitment of downstream signalling and repair factors to the sites of DNA breaks 2,11 . Here, to understand the molecular mechanism by which PARP enzymes recognize DNA breaks within chromatin, we determined the cryo-electron-microscopic structure of human PARP2-HPF1 bound to a nucleosome. This showed that PARP2-HPF1 bridges two nucleosomes, with the broken DNA aligned in a position suitable for ligation, revealing the initial step in the repair of double-strand DNA breaks. The bridging induces structural changes in PARP2 that signal the recognition of a DNA break to the catalytic domain, which licenses HPF1 binding and PARP2 activation. Our data suggest that active PARP2 cycles through different conformational states to exchange NAD + and substrate, which may enable PARP enzymes to act processively while bound to chromatin. The processes of PARP activation and the PARP catalytic cycle we describe can explain mechanisms of resistance to PARP inhibitors and will aid the development of better inhibitors as cancer treatments 12-16 .


  • Organizational Affiliation

    Department of Structural Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.


Macromolecules

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Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
Histone H3.2A,
E,
K [auth a],
O [auth e]
135Xenopus laevisMutation(s): 1 
UniProt
Find proteins for P84233 (Xenopus laevis)
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UniProt GroupP84233
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Entity ID: 2
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
Histone H4B,
F,
L [auth b],
P [auth f]
102Xenopus laevisMutation(s): 0 
UniProt
Find proteins for P62799 (Xenopus laevis)
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Entity ID: 3
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
Histone H2AC,
G,
M [auth c],
Q [auth g]
129Xenopus laevisMutation(s): 0 
Gene Names: hist1h2ajh2ac14LOC494591XELAEV_18003602mg
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Find proteins for P06897 (Xenopus laevis)
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Entity ID: 4
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
Histone H2B 1.1D,
H,
N [auth d],
R [auth h]
122Xenopus laevisMutation(s): 1 
UniProt
Find proteins for P02281 (Xenopus laevis)
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Entity ID: 7
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
Histone PARylation factor 1U [auth O]356Homo sapiensMutation(s): 1 
Gene Names: HPF1C4orf27
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Find proteins for Q9NWY4 (Homo sapiens)
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PHAROS:  Q9NWY4
GTEx:  ENSG00000056050 
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UniProt GroupQ9NWY4
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Entity ID: 8
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 2V [auth P],
W [auth R]
590Homo sapiensMutation(s): 0 
Gene Names: PARP2ADPRT2ADPRTL2
EC: 2.4.2.30 (PDB Primary Data), 2.4.2 (PDB Primary Data)
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PHAROS:  Q9UGN5
GTEx:  ENSG00000129484 
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Entity ID: 5
MoleculeChains LengthOrganismImage
DNA (167-MER)I,
S [auth i]
167synthetic construct
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Entity ID: 6
MoleculeChains LengthOrganismImage
DNA (167-MER)J,
T [auth j]
167synthetic construct
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Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
  • Resolution: 10.0 Å
  • Aggregation State: PARTICLE 
  • Reconstruction Method: SINGLE PARTICLE 

Structure Validation

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Entry History & Funding Information

Deposition Data


Funding OrganizationLocationGrant Number
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH/NIGMS)United States1R01GM135599-01

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 2020-09-16
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2020-09-30
    Changes: Database references
  • Version 1.2: 2020-10-07
    Changes: Database references
  • Version 1.3: 2024-03-06
    Changes: Data collection, Database references