6TYH

Four-Disulfide Insulin Analog A22/B22

  • Classification: HORMONE
  • Organism(s): Homo sapiens
  • Mutation(s): Yes 

  • Deposited: 2019-08-08 Released: 2019-11-13 
  • Deposition Author(s): Blakely, A.D., Xiong, X.
  • Funding Organization(s): National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease (NIH/NIDDK)

Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.60 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.196 
  • R-Value Work: 0.162 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.166 

wwPDB Validation   3D Report Full Report


This is version 1.2 of the entry. See complete history. 


Literature

Novel four-disulfide insulin analog with high aggregation stability and potency.

Xiong, X., Blakely, A., Karra, P., VandenBerg, M.A., Ghabash, G., Whitby, F., Zhang, Y.W., Webber, M.J., Holland, W.L., Hill, C.P., Chou, D.H.

(2020) Chem Sci 11: 195-200

  • DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04555d
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    6TYH

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    • Although insulin was first purified and used therapeutically almost a century ago, there is still a need to improve therapeutic efficacy and patient convenience. A key challenge is the requirement for refrigeration to avoid inactivation of insulin by aggregation/fibrillation ...

    Although insulin was first purified and used therapeutically almost a century ago, there is still a need to improve therapeutic efficacy and patient convenience. A key challenge is the requirement for refrigeration to avoid inactivation of insulin by aggregation/fibrillation. Here, in an effort to mitigate this problem, we introduced a 4 th disulfide bond between a C-terminal extended insulin A chain and residues near the C-terminus of the B chain. Insulin activity was retained by an analog with an additional disulfide bond between residues A22 and B22, while other linkages tested resulted in much reduced potency. Furthermore, the A22-B22 analog maintains the native insulin tertiary structure as demonstrated by X-ray crystal structure determination. We further demonstrate that this four-disulfide analog has similar in vivo potency in mice compared to native insulin and demonstrates higher aggregation stability. In conclusion, we have discovered a novel four-disulfide insulin analog with high aggregation stability and potency.

    Organizational Affiliation: 

    Department of Biochemistry , University of Utah , Salt Lake City UT 84112 , USA . Email: chris@biochem.utah.edu ; Email: dchou@biochem.utah.edu.



Macromolecules
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(by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChainsSequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
Insulin A chain
A, C, E, G, I, K
A, C, E, G, I, K
22Homo sapiensMutation(s): 1 
Gene Names: INS
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources
Find proteins for P01308 (Homo sapiens)
Explore P01308 
Go to UniProtKB:  P01308
PHAROS:  P01308
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupP01308
Protein Feature View
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  • Reference Sequence
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(by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 2
MoleculeChainsSequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
Insulin B chain
B, D, F, H, J, L
B, D, F, H, J, L
30Homo sapiensMutation(s): 1 
Gene Names: INS
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources
Find proteins for P01308 (Homo sapiens)
Explore P01308 
Go to UniProtKB:  P01308
PHAROS:  P01308
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupP01308
Protein Feature View
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  • Reference Sequence
Small Molecules
Ligands 5 Unique
IDChainsName / Formula / InChI Key2D Diagram3D Interactions
IPH
Query on IPH
Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
M [auth A],
R [auth C],
T [auth D],
U [auth E],
V [auth G],
M [auth A],
R [auth C],
T [auth D],
U [auth E],
V [auth G],
X [auth I],
Z [auth K]
PHENOL
C6 H6 O
ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N		 Ligand Interaction
GOL
Query on GOL
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AA [auth L],
Y [auth J]		GLYCEROL
C3 H8 O3
PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N		 Ligand Interaction
ZN
Query on ZN
Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
O [auth B],
S [auth D]		ZINC ION
Zn
PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N		 Ligand Interaction
ACN
Query on ACN
Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
N [auth A],
Q [auth B]		ACETONE
C3 H6 O
CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N		 Ligand Interaction
CL
Query on CL
Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
P [auth B],
W [auth H]		CHLORIDE ION
Cl
VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M		 Ligand Interaction
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.60 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.196 
  • R-Value Work: 0.162 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.166 
  • Space Group: P 1 21 1
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 47.231α = 90
b = 61.821β = 112.814
c = 60.468γ = 90
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
PHENIXrefinement
Cootmodel building
XDSdata reduction
XDSdata scaling
AutoSolphasing

Structure Validation

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View more in-depth experimental data

Entry History & Funding Information

Deposition Data

Funding OrganizationLocationGrant Number
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease (NIH/NIDDK)United StatesR01DK120430

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 2019-11-13
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2019-12-25
    Changes: Author supporting evidence
  • Version 1.2: 2020-03-11
    Changes: Database references