Primary Citation of Related Structures: 6BFP, 6O1G, 6O1S
PubMed Abstract:
Plasma kallikrein (pKal) is a serine protease responsible for cleaving high-molecular-weight kininogen to produce the pro-inflammatory peptide, bradykinin. Unregulated pKal activity can lead to hereditary angioedema (HAE) following excess bradykinin release ...
Plasma kallikrein (pKal) is a serine protease responsible for cleaving high-molecular-weight kininogen to produce the pro-inflammatory peptide, bradykinin. Unregulated pKal activity can lead to hereditary angioedema (HAE) following excess bradykinin release. HAE attacks can lead to a compromised airway that can be life threatening. As there are limited agents for prophylaxis of HAE attacks, there is a high unmet need for a therapeutic agent for regulating pKal with a high degree of specificity. Here we present crystal structures of both full-length and the protease domain of pKal, bound to two very distinct classes of small-molecule inhibitors: compound 1, and BCX4161. Both inhibitors demonstrate low nM inhibitory potency for pKal and varying specificity for related serine proteases. Compound 1 utilizes a surprising mode of interaction and upon binding results in a rearrangement of the binding pocket. Co-crystal structures of pKal describes why this class of small-molecule inhibitor is potent. Lack of conservation in surrounding residues explains the ∼10,000-fold specificity over structurally similar proteases, as shown by in vitro protease inhibition data. Structural information, combined with biochemical and enzymatic analyses, provides a novel scaffold for the design of targeted oral small molecule inhibitors of pKal for treatment of HAE and other diseases resulting from unregulated plasma kallikrein activity.
Related Citations:
Structure-Guided Design of Novel, Potent, and Selective Macrocyclic Plasma Kallikrein Inhibitors. Li, Z., Partridge, J., Silva-Garcia, A., Rademacher, P., Betz, A., Xu, Q., Sham, H., Hu, Y., Shan, Y., Liu, B., Zhang, Y., Shi, H., Xu, Q., Ma, X., Zhang, L. (2017) ACS Med Chem Lett 8: 185
Organizational Affiliation:
Global Blood Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States.
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