PARP-1 cleaves NAD <sup>+ </sup> and transfers the resulting ADP-ribose moiety onto target proteins and onto subsequent polymers of ADP-ribose. An allosteric network connects PARP-1 multi-domain detection of DNA damage to catalytic domain structural ...
PARP-1 cleaves NAD + and transfers the resulting ADP-ribose moiety onto target proteins and onto subsequent polymers of ADP-ribose. An allosteric network connects PARP-1 multi-domain detection of DNA damage to catalytic domain structural changes that relieve catalytic autoinhibition; however, the mechanism of autoinhibition is undefined. Here, we show using the non-hydrolyzable NAD + analog benzamide adenine dinucleotide (BAD) that PARP-1 autoinhibition results from a selective block on NAD + binding. Following DNA damage detection, BAD binding to the catalytic domain leads to changes in PARP-1 dynamics at distant DNA-binding surfaces, resulting in increased affinity for DNA damage, and providing direct evidence of reverse allostery. Our findings reveal a two-step mechanism to activate and to then stabilize PARP-1 on a DNA break, indicate that PARP-1 allostery influences persistence on DNA damage, and have important implications for PARP inhibitors that engage the NAD + binding site.
Organizational Affiliation:
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, 50674 Koeln, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.,Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.,Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development , 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6059, USA.,Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada. john.pascal@umontreal.ca.,College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6059, USA. blackbe@pennmedicine.upenn.edu.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
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