Biological Assembly 1  

 3D View: Structure | Electron Density | Ligand Interaction

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Protein Workshop | Ligand Explorer

Global Symmetry: Asymmetric - C1 
Global Stoichiometry: Monomer - A 

Biological assembly 1 assigned by authors.

Biological Assembly 2  

 3D View: Structure | Electron Density | Ligand Interaction

Standalone Viewers  
Protein Workshop | Ligand Explorer

Global Symmetry: Cyclic - C2  (3D View)
Global Stoichiometry: Homo 2-mer - A2 

Biological assembly 2 generated by PISA (software)

Macromolecule Content

• Total Structure Weight: 41388.54 
• Atom Count: 2754 
• Residue Count: 371 
• Unique protein chains: 1

5UVG

Crystal structure of the human neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2) catalytic domain with insertion deleted and calcium bound

• DOI: 10.2210/pdb5UVG/pdb

• Classification: HYDROLASE
• Organism(s): Homo sapiens
• Expression System: Escherichia coli


• Deposited: 2017-02-20 Released: 2017-06-28 
• Deposition Author(s): Airola, M.V., Guja, K.E., Garcia-Diaz, M., Hannun, Y.A.
• Funding Organization(s): National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences; National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences 

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Experimental Data Snapshot

• Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
• Resolution: 1.849 Å
• R-Value Free: 0.197 
• R-Value Work: 0.163 

Literature

Structure of human nSMase2 reveals an interdomain allosteric activation mechanism for ceramide generation.

Airola, M.V., Shanbhogue, P., Shamseddine, A.A., Guja, K.E., Senkal, C.E., Maini, R., Bartke, N., Wu, B.X., Obeid, L.M., Garcia-Diaz, M., Hannun, Y.A.

(2017) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 114: E5549-E5558

• PubMed: 28652336 
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1705134114


• PubMed Abstract: 
  

Neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2, product of the SMPD3 gene) is a key enzyme for ceramide generation that is involved in regulating cellular stress responses and exosome-mediated intercellular communication. nSMase2 is activated by diverse stimuli, including the anionic phospholipid phosphatidylserine. Phosphatidylserine binds to an integral-membrane N-terminal domain (NTD); however, how the NTD activates the C-terminal catalytic domain is unclear. Here, we identify the complete catalytic domain of nSMase2, which was misannotated because of a large insertion. We find the soluble catalytic domain interacts directly with the membrane-associated NTD, which serves as both a membrane anchor and an allosteric activator. The juxtamembrane region, which links the NTD and the catalytic domain, is necessary and sufficient for activation. Furthermore, we provide a mechanistic basis for this phenomenon using the crystal structure of the human nSMase2 catalytic domain determined at 1.85-Å resolution. The structure reveals a DNase-I-type fold with a hydrophobic track leading to the active site that is blocked by an evolutionarily conserved motif which we term the "DK switch." Structural analysis of nSMase2 and the extended N-SMase family shows that the DK switch can adopt different conformations to reposition a universally conserved Asp (D) residue involved in catalysis. Mutation of this Asp residue in nSMase2 disrupts catalysis, allosteric activation, stimulation by phosphatidylserine, and pharmacological inhibition by the lipid-competitive inhibitor GW4869. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the DK switch regulates ceramide generation by nSMase2 and is governed by an allosteric interdomain interaction at the membrane interface.

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Organizational Affiliation: 

Structural Biology Unit, Institute of Molecular Biology of Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Stony Brook University Cancer Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794; [e-mail].,Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Saitama, Japan.,iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institut für Biologie/Strukturbiologie und Biochemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-10099 Berlin, Germany.,Institut für Biologie/Physiologie der Mikroorganismen, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-10099 Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. [e-mail].,Max-Planck Institute of Chemical Ecology Hans-Knoell-Strasse 8 CITY: D-07745 Jena POSTAL_CODE: D-07745 Germany [DE].,Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Roche Innovation Center Shanghai , 720 Cailun Road , Pudong , Shanghai 201203 , China.,Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9039, USA.,College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Sanofi-Aventis Pharma Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Department of Structural Biology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.,College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States.,Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel [e-mail].,Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sunmoon University, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering , ETH Zurich , Mattenstrasse 26 , Basel CH-4058 , Switzerland.,Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. (Petrobras), Centro de Pesquisas e Desenvolvimento Leopoldo Américo Miguez de Mello, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Experimental Therapeutics Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 31 Biopolis way, Nanos, #03-01, Singapore 138669, Singapore. Electronic address: [e-mail].,ACRF Chemical Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.,Charles River , Chesterford Research Park , Saffron Walden CB10 1XL , U.K.,Internal Medicine D, Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Rheumatology, University Hospital Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany, and.,Department of Chemistry and Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,EMBL, CS 90181, 71 AV des Martyrs, 38009, Grenoble (38), France.,College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 30071, China. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University, 1819 East 101st Street, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Gottingen, Germany.,National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.; Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Graduate School of Engineering , Osaka University , 2-1 Yamadaoka , Suita, Osaka 565-0871 , Japan.,iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.,School of Physical Sciences & Computing, Division of Chemistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom; School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.,Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia. [e-mail].,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy.,Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Germany.,Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; [e-mail] [e-mail].,Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,CryoEM and Bioimaging Division, SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , 3012 Bern , Switzerland.,Pathologie des Universitätsklinikums Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck und des Forschungszentrums Borstel, Leibniz Lungenzentrum, Lübeck und Borstel, Germany.,Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland.,Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; [e-mail] [e-mail].,Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Drug Discovery & Development (D3), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. [e-mail].,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544.,Molecular Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.,Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.,Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-Informatique, IBIS et PROTEO, Université Laval, Pavillon Charles-Eugène Marchand, Québec, Canada.,Scripps Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology & Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Universität Wien, Fakultät für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Wien, Austria.,UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Milano, Via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milano, Italy.,Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.,Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany. [e-mail].,Institute of Marine Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China [e-mail] [e-mail].,Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,Biosciences and Biotechnology Division , Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore , California 94550 , United States.,Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Chemistry, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy. [e-mail].,Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.,UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. [e-mail].,Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Department of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Shandong Asia-pacific Highharve Organisms Science and Technology, CO., LTD, China.,Protein Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,BioMedical Center and Center of Integrated Protein Sciences (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Biomedical Research Institute, The National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.,Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.,Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, 190-8543, Japan.,Institute for Protein Research , Osaka University , 3-2 Yamadaoka , Suita, Osaka 565-0871 , Japan.,the A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia, and.,f Institute of Biochemistry II , School of Medicine , Frankfurt am Main , Germany.,CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation , 6080 Center Drive , Los Angeles , California 90045 , United States.,The Cancer Institute of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan.,INRA Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, France; Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, PoznańUniversity of Life Sciences, Poland; Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Teheran, Teheran, Iran.,Biochemie-Zentrum Heidelberg (BZH), Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.,Axe Molecular Endocrinology and Nephrology, CHU de Québec Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China.,Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan. [e-mail].,Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Milano, Via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milano, Italy; Centro di Ricerca Pediatrica R.E. Invernizzi, Università di Milano, Via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milano, Italy.,Laboratory of Chromatin Structure and Function, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, FIN-80101, Joensuu, Finland.,Laboratoire de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada.,Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria 3004, Melbourne, Australia, and.,Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Structural Biology Unit, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States. Electronic address: [e-mail].,From the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan and [e-mail].,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (M.L., A.B.-B., M.M., D.K., M.G., Y.H.), Sackler Faculty of Medicine (N.K., A.L.), Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; and Division of Ophthalmology (A.L.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center (M.G.), Tel Aviv, Israel [e-mail] [e-mail].,Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Polymers and Membranes, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH B3 495 (Bâtiment CH) Station 6, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.,School of Pharmacy , Nantong University , Nantong , Jiangsu 226000 , China.,Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, GZMB, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States.,Disease Elimination Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.,Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary.,From the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan and.,Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Department of Medical Biochemistry , Academic Medical Center , Meibergdreef 15 , 1105 AZ Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy. [e-mail].,From the Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.A.,National Institute of Plant Genome Research CITY: New Delhi India [IN].,InterRayBio, Baltimore, MD 21205.,Washington University in St. Louis CITY: St. Louis STATE: MO United States Of America [US].,Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.,Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.,From the Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom, [e-mail].,College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 30071, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China.,Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, United States.,Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology CITY: Jena POSTAL_CODE: 07743 Germany [DE].,Killer Cell Biology Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. [e-mail].,Department of Crystallography and Structural Biology, Instituto de Química-Física "Rocasolano," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, E-28006 Madrid, Spain; [e-mail] [e-mail].,Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France.,Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, BIG-LCBM, 38000 Grenoble, France.,York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.,Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.,Department of Crystallography/Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, London, UK.,Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9 Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan.,Department of Functional Molecular Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama, 240-0193, Japan. [e-mail].,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Synthetic Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany.,Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Himachal Pradesh, India.,GlaxoSmithKline, 5 Moore Drive, P.O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, United States.,Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel; [e-mail] [e-mail].,Ernest and Helen Scott Haematological Research Institute, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,Molecular Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; [e-mail].,Sinovac Biotech Co., Ltd, Beijing, China.,Novici Biotech LLC , Vacaville , California 95688 , United States.,the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208.,the Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom.,BIOSS Centre of Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. [e-mail].,Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia. [e-mail].,Cardiff Institute of Infection & Immunity, University of Cardiff, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.,Imperial College, United Kingdom.,the Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229.,MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Structiural Biology, Takeda California Inc., 10410 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.,Department of Material Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556; [e-mail] [e-mail].,Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125; [e-mail].,2Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble INP, TIMC-IMAG, 38000 Grenoble, France.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Metabolic Engineering Research Laboratory, Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,From the Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011.,Life Sciences, Imperial College, United Kingdom.,Department of Biology, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy.,Killer Cell Biology Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794.,Department of Biophysics, The Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China; Qingdao Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.,HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150080, China.,Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan. [e-mail].,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. [e-mail].,National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Cell Biology, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, China.,VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, PO Box 1000, FIN-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland.,Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy. [e-mail].,Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio 1, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.,Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY 11768.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, EMB 03-07, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore; NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, EMB 06-01, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. [e-mail].,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0914, Japan. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,Synchrotron Radiation Research Section of Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, South Cass Avenue 9700, Argonne, IL 60439, U.S.A. [e-mail].,From the Department of Biochemistry and Centre for Structural Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada and.,Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Campus Triolet, cc1705, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy. [e-mail].,HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150080, China. [e-mail].,From the Departments of Cell and Integrative Physiology and [e-mail].,National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; Shanghai Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China.,Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 113-0032 Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Greece. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden.,iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel.,Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9 Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Institut für Biologie/Physiologie der Mikroorganismen, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-10099 Berlin, Germany.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.,Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan. [e-mail].,Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (NIMH PDSP), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Enamine, Kiev, Ukraine.,Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, Mito, Japan.,Institute of Marine Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China; National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK. [e-mail].,Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, United States. [e-mail].,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.,the Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics and [e-mail].,Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Biomedical Research Institute, The National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan; Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. [e-mail].,National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; Center for Precision Medicine Multi-Omics Research, Peking University Health Science Center; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom.,Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; [e-mail].,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States.,Molecular Genetics, Institute of Life Science, Kurume University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. [e-mail].,Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States.,Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.,Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Milano, Via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milano, Italy. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute , Socinstrasse 57 , 4051 Basel , Switzerland.,Technion Center for Structural Biology, Lorry I. Lokey Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Bristol-Myers Squibb-Biocon Research Center, Bangalore 560099, India.,Synchrotron Radiation Research Section of Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, South Cass Avenue 9700, Argonne, IL 60439, U.S.A.,Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India.,Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung, Standort Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. [e-mail].,State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources , Guangxi Normal University , Guilin , Guangxi 541003 , China.,From the Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and.,Stony Brook University Cancer Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794.,Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0510, USA.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.,Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States.,Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan.,Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Bridge Institute, Michelson Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia.,RIKEN Structural Biology Laboratory, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Biophysics, The Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Electron Microscopy Analysis Laboratory, The Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Center for Protein Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.,Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.; Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,e Graduate School of Science , Tokyo Metropolitan University , Tokyo , Japan.,Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia. [e-mail].,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany. [e-mail].,Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. [e-mail].,Department of Biochemistry and Synthetic Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany. [e-mail].,Department of BT-Convergent Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sunmoon University, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea.,Institut de Recherches Servier Oncology R&D Unit, Croissy Sur Seine, France.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research , Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University , 75 Ames Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02142 , United States.,Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology CITY: Jena Germany [DE].,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, SP, Brazil.,Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Institut de Biologie Structurale, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France.,Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544; [e-mail].,Department of Biophysics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK. [e-mail].,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel.,RIKEN, SPring-8 Center, Hyogo, Japan. [e-mail].,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, TN, 38104, United States.,Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC), Valencia, Spain.,Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0914, Japan; Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Departments of Physiology and Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China. [e-mail].,Research & Utilization Division , Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute , 1-1-1 Kouto , Sayo , Hyogo 679-5198 , Japan.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Enzymology and Biophysical Chemistry, Takeda California Inc., 10410 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.,Microbial Protein Structure Group, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States.,Center for Biological Resources and Informatics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405.,RIKEN, SPring-8 Center, Hyogo, Japan.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91-403, Poland.,Gavin Herbert Eye Institute and the Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, 829 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA 92617, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. [e-mail].,Faculty of Chemistry, Philipps-University-Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology , The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States.,Protein Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: [e-mail].,National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (NIMH PDSP), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. [e-mail].,the Departments of Medical Microbiology and.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0914, Japan.,Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; [e-mail].,Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Infectious Disease, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry , University of California , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States.,Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, via Cinthia 21, 80126, Naples, Italy.,Department of Photon Science, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, UK.,Laboratorium für Organische Chemie , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Department of Microbiology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, Shanxi, China. [e-mail].,Killer Cell Biology Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. [e-mail].,Department of Crystallography and Structural Biology, Instituto de Química-Física "Rocasolano," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Center of Molecular Biology, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Einsiedlerstrasse 31, 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland.,Structural Studies Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, CB2 0QH Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt.,Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Kyoto Prefectural University , 1-5 Hangi-cho, Shimogamo , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto , Kyoto 606-8522 , Japan.,Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.,Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20, Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China.,Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , United States.,Medicinal Chemistry, Translational Sciences, Bioscience and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 89, Sweden.,Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, ProteoRed-ISCIII, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Derio, Spain.,Department of Virology, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China.,Structural Biology, School of Medicine and.,Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.,GlaxoSmithKline, 5 Moore Drive, P.O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Institut de Recherches Servier Discovery Chemistry Unit, Croissy Sur Seine, France.,the Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.,Department of Biophysics, The Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA.,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. [e-mail].,the Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.,the Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 and.,Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel , F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Grenzacherstrasse 124 , 4070 Basel , Switzerland.,Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Aachen (UKA), Aachen, Germany.,Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 113-0032 Tokyo, Japan [e-mail].,Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group Translational Medicine & Pharmacology TMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany.,Biochemistry and Structural Biology and.,Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; [e-mail].,the Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics and.,Washington University in St. Louis CITY: St Louis STATE: Missouri United States Of America [US].,From the Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011 [e-mail].,Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgeri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy.,Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Campus Triolet, cc1705, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France.,Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125.,Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, SP, Brazil.,Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Tropical Medicine , Medical Mission Institute , Salvatorstrasse 7 , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Charles River , Leiden 2333 CR , Netherlands.,Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Development, Eunice K Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States.,Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan.,Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan [e-mail].,Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Center of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Einsiedlerstrasse 31, 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139-3583, USA.,Electron Bio-imaging Centre, Diamond Light Source, Didcot, UK.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556.,Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, United States.,Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; [e-mail] [e-mail].,Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group Translational Medicine & Pharmacology TMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany.,Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh 160 036, India.,Boston Biochem, a Bio-Techne Brand 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Chemspace, Riga, Latvia.,GPCR Consortium, San Marcos, CA 92078, USA.,School of Life Sciences, KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.,Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.,Klinik für Urologie und Zentrale Klinische Forschung, Klinikum der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. [e-mail].,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia. [e-mail].,Department of Structural Biology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands. [e-mail].,Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,From the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan and [e-mail].,Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, 555 Mission Bay Boulevard South, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.,K-metics GmbH, Freiburg, Germany. [e-mail].,Department of Integrative Structural Biology, Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch, 67404, France.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.,Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 444-8787, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan. [e-mail].,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China. [e-mail].,Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Greece.,Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Chemical Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, United States.,d Laboratory of Physical Chemistry , ETH Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.,I2BC, SB2SM, CNRS UMR 9198, CEA Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.,Life Sciences, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea. [e-mail].,Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8816, USA.,Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, UMR5086 CNRS - Université Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, 69367, Lyon, France.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt; Department of Analytical & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy & Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt.,RIKEN Structural Biology Laboratory, Yokohama, Japan. [e-mail].,Departments of Biochemistry, Medical Biophysics, and Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, #5358, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Institut für Pharmazie und Biochemie , Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz , Staudinger Weg 5 , 55128 Mainz , Germany.,Centre for Biological Sciences and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.,Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems , National Institutes of Natural Sciences , 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji , Okazaki , Aichi 444-8787 , Japan.,Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, UK. [e-mail].,CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Radioisotope Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Experimental Therapeutics Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 31 Biopolis way, Nanos, #03-01, Singapore 138669, Singapore.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.,Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, BIFI-IQFR (CSIC) Joint Unit, Campus Rio Ebro, Zaragoza, Aragón, Spain.,Anesthesiology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University school of Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Suzhou Institute of Shandong University, Suzhou, China.,Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, 34293, Montpellier, France. Electronic address: [e-mail].,International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center and the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.,From the Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP and.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Protein Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; BioSupraMol Core Facility, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Medical Research Institute , Tokyo Medical and Dental University , 1-5-45 Yushima , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510 , Japan.,Rudolf-Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine , University of Würzburg , Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2 , 97080 Würzburg , Germany.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.,Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, United States.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.,Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas, CSIC, Avenida Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,c Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Goethe University , Frankfurt am Main , Germany.,Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, 34293, Montpellier, France.,Department of Surgery Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia. [e-mail].,Biotechnology Research Centre, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.,From the Laboratory for Biocrystallography, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697.,The Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada.,a Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance , Goethe University , Frankfurt am Main , Germany.,National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.,Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan.,Protein Studies Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, United States.,From the School of Science, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia, [e-mail].,School of Pharmacy-Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Sir Robert Aitken Institute for Medical Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK.,Ben May Department for Cancer Research , University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States.,National Center for Protein Science Shanghai , Shanghai, China.,Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy. [e-mail].,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way Rm. 118 DLC, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4390, USA.,h Department of Physiology , Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan.,Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, FIN-80101, Joensuu, Finland. [e-mail].,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Centre, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Milano, Via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milano, Italy; CNR-IBF, Istituto di Biofisica, Via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milano, Italy.,IQB3, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,3Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS, 38000 Grenoble, France.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom.,Graduate School of Simulation Studies , University of Hyogo , 7-1-28 Minatojima Minami-machi , Chuo-ku, Kobe , Hyogo 650-0047 , Japan.,Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., SS 14, km 163.5, AREA Science Park, 34149, Trieste, Italy.,LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology (Synmikro), Marburg, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada.,Center for Fiber and Textile Science , Kyoto Institute of Technology , Matsugasaki , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto , Kyoto 606-8585 , Japan.,Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea.,Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9 Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Department of Biochemistry & Genetics, La Trobe Institute of Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia. [e-mail].,Institute for Biochemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany. [e-mail].,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China. Electronic address: [e-mail].,the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208 [e-mail].,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9040, USA.,Laboratory for Molecular, Cellular and Network Excitability, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium.,Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India [e-mail].,Heurisko USA Inc. , Delaware , USA.,iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.,Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , P. O. Box 9502 , 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands . Email: [e-mail] ; Email: [e-mail].,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada.,RIKEN Structural Biology Laboratory, Yokohama, Japan. [e-mail].,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, EMB 03-07, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore; NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, EMB 06-01, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore.,Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. [e-mail].,GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Oncology R&D Unit, Suresnes, France.,Laboratory of Chromatin Structure and Function, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan. [e-mail].,Institute for Biochemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, 4000 15th Ave NE, Bagley Hall, Seattle, WA, 98195-1700, USA.,Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China. [e-mail].,Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S3E1, Canada.,State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, China.,Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States.,Fundación ARAID, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt.,Department of Chemistry , Emory University , Atlanta , 30322 , Georgia , USA . Email: [e-mail].,Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.,Protein Studies Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States.,Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0FA, United Kingdom.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125.,Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States.,Department of Integrative Structural Biology, Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch, 67404, France. [e-mail].,Departments of Bioengineering, and of Microbiology and Immunology, and James H. Clark Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. [e-mail].,Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States.,National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; Shanghai Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China [e-mail] [e-mail] [e-mail].,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK. [e-mail].,Imperial College London.,Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China. [e-mail].,Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 444-8787, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.,Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, North Tce, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.,University of Bristol, United Kingdom.,School of Physical Sciences & Computing, Division of Chemistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom. Electronic address: [e-mail].,School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, UK.,b Department of Biochemistry , Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Niigata , Japan.,Marine Biotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.,From the Department of Biochemistry and Centre for Structural Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada and [e-mail].,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.,Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry , University of York , Heslington , York , YO10 5DD , UK.,Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Göteborg, Sweden.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9040, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt.,CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China; Qingdao Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Department of Biophysics, The Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 24a , Basel CH-4002 , Switzerland . Email: [e-mail].,Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.,Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology , University College London , Gower Street , London , WC1E 6BT , UK.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S3E1, Canada; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON, M5G1Z8, Canada.,National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing , China. [e-mail].,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.,Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. [e-mail].,Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430.,Photon Factory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan.,Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Klinik für Urologie und Zentrale Klinische Forschung, Klinikum der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. [e-mail].,Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan.,Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore, India.,Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Milano, Via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milano, Italy; CNR-IBF, Istituto di Biofisica, Via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milano, Italy. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Vernalis (R&D) Ltd., Cambridge, UK.,Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza, CSIC, 50009, Zaragoza, Aragón, Spain.,National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China.,Reagents and Assay Development, Mechanistic Biology and Profiling, and Structure and Biophysics, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 89, Sweden.,From the Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP and [e-mail].,Department of Chemical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China.,From the Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and [e-mail].,Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute of Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, 3084, VIC, Australia.,Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544.,Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom.,Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.,Division of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.,Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, UK.,Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan. [e-mail].,iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China; National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Department of Microbiology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, Shanxi, China.,TYDOCK PHARMA S.r.l., Strada Gherbella 294/b, Modena 41126, Italy.,Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. [e-mail].,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S3E1, Canada.,The ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States.,Departments of Biochemistry, Neurobiology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.,From the School of Science, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.,CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China; Qingdao Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.,National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing , China. [e-mail].,Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan. [e-mail].,CryoEM and Bioimaging Division, SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA. [e-mail].,Faculty of Biology, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 444-8787, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan. [e-mail].,Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States.,Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India.,Faculty of Advance Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-10 Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan.,Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Nurix, Inc, 1700 Owens Street, Suite 205, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.,National Taras Shevchenko University of Kiev, Kiev, Ukraine.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Centre, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, VA Medical Center at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, United States.,Novartis Institute of Biomedical Research, Oncology Drug Discovery, Cambridge, MA, USA.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.,From the Departments of Cell and Integrative Physiology and.,Washington University in St. Louis CITY: St Louis STATE: Missouri POSTAL_CODE: 63130 United States Of America [US] [e-mail].,Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Joint Biotechnology Laboratory, Arcanum, 20500 Turku, Finland; [e-mail].,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405.,Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. [e-mail].,Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (NIMH PDSP), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Danone Nutricia Research, Singapore 138671.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom.,Department of Biochemistry, Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Greece.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.,Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Japan.,Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, London, UK. [e-mail].,Marine Biotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China [e-mail].,Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia. [e-mail].,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, London, UK. [e-mail].,Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland.,DSM Innovative Synthesis , Urmonderbaan 22 , NL-6167 RD Geleen , The Netherlands.,Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.,Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Bridge Institute, Michelson Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.,School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.,Department of Dermatology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, United States.,Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, EMB 03-07, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore; NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, EMB 06-01, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore.,Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Gateway House, Leicester, LE1 9BH, United Kingdom.,X-ray Crystallography Facility, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India.,Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20, Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China. [e-mail].,Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.,Program in Viruses and Emerging Pathogens, Infectious Diseases Institute; Center for Retrovirus Research, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Microbial Infection and Immunity, and Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794.,Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan.,Department of Functional Molecular Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama, 240-0193, Japan. [e-mail].,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. [e-mail].,the Department of Cellular Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S3E1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Joint Biotechnology Laboratory, Arcanum, 20500 Turku, Finland.,Structural Glycobiology Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, Wako, Japan.,Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA. [e-mail].,The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.,Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138671, Singapore.,Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Department of Biochemistry & Genetics, La Trobe Institute of Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia.,Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, London, UK.,KNU Institute for Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.,Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 Leiden, The Netherlands.,Universität Wien, Fakultät für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Wien, Austria. [e-mail].,Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Chemistry, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Departments of Bioengineering, and of Microbiology and Immunology, and James H. Clark Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (M.L., A.B.-B., M.M., D.K., M.G., Y.H.), Sackler Faculty of Medicine (N.K., A.L.), Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; and Division of Ophthalmology (A.L.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center (M.G.), Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Laboratory on the Mechanism and Regulation of Protein Synthesis, Eunice K Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States.,Department of Chemical Sciences, Università Degli Studi Di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430; [e-mail].,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.,INRA Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, France.,Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy. [e-mail].,Molecular Modeling Section, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy.,Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, D-35043 Marburg, Germany.,Department of Biophysics, The Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China. Electronic address: [e-mail].,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,University of Basel , Petersplatz 1 , 4003 Basel , Switzerland.,National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China.,Institut für Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK.,Department of Environmental Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea.,Metabolic Engineering Research Laboratory, Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore [e-mail] [e-mail] [e-mail].,Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , New York 10461 , United States.,Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.,g Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit , The Institute of Cancer Research , London , UK.,Universität Wien, Fakultät für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Wien, Austria.,Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.,Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. [e-mail].,Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S3E1, Canada; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON, M5G1Z8, Canada.,Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 and Provinceline Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States.,College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China. [e-mail].,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, OX1 3QZ Oxford, United Kingdom.,Unilever Discover, Bedford, United Kingdom.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Proteomics Core Facility, Max-Planck-Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany.,Laboratory of Structural BiolspringDE@2017ogy, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. [e-mail].,Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, United States. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Structure-Based Molecular Design Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Japan.,Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brandeis University , 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.,National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing , China.,iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Bridge Institute, Michelson Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China. Electronic address: [e-mail].,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 30071, China. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Department of Chemistry and Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. [e-mail].,Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Division of Pulmonology and Allergy/Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106.

Macromolecules

Find similar proteins by: Sequence  |  Structure

Entity ID: 1
Molecule	Chains	Sequence Length	Organism	Details
Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3,Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3	A	371	Homo sapiens	Mutation(s): 0  Gene Names: SMPD3 EC: 3.1.4.12
Find proteins for Q9NY59 (Homo sapiens) Go to Gene View: SMPD3 Go to UniProtKB:  Q9NY59

Small Molecules

Ligands 1 Unique
ID	Chains	Name / Formula / InChI Key	2D Diagram & Interactions
CA	A	CALCIUM ION Ca BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

• Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
• Resolution: 1.849 Å
• R-Value Free: 0.197 
• R-Value Work: 0.163 
• Space Group: P 2₁ 2₁ 2

Unit Cell:

Length (Å)	Angle (°)
a = 73.610	α = 90.00
b = 91.050	β = 90.00
c = 50.030	γ = 90.00

Software Package:

Software Name	Purpose
SHARP	phasing
Aimless	data scaling
PDB_EXTRACT	data extraction
XDS	data reduction
BUSTER	refinement

Structure Validation

Entry History & Funding Information

Deposition Data

• Deposited Date: 2017-02-20 
• Released Date: 2017-06-28 
• Deposition Author(s): Airola, M.V., Guja, K.E., Garcia-Diaz, M., Hannun, Y.A.

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Funding Organization	Location	Grant Number
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences	United States	R37GM043825
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences	United States	F32GM100679
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences	United States	R01GM100021
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences	United States	F30ES022930

Revision History 

• Version 1.0: 2017-06-28
  Type: Initial release
• Version 1.1: 2017-09-20
  Type: Author supporting evidence
• Version 1.2: 2018-05-09
  Type: Data collection, Database references