5VT2

Crystal structure of growth differentiation factor


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.30 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.242 
  • R-Value Work: 0.206 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.208 

Starting Model: experimental
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wwPDB Validation   3D Report Full Report


This is version 1.1 of the entry. See complete history


Literature

Long-acting MIC-1/GDF15 molecules to treat obesity: Evidence from mice to monkeys.

Xiong, Y.Walker, K.Min, X.Hale, C.Tran, T.Komorowski, R.Yang, J.Davda, J.Nuanmanee, N.Kemp, D.Wang, X.Liu, H.Miller, S.Lee, K.J.Wang, Z.Veniant, M.M.

(2017) Sci Transl Med 9

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aan8732
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    5VT2

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    In search of metabolically regulated secreted proteins, we conducted a microarray study comparing gene expression in major metabolic tissues of fed and fasted ob/ob mice and C57BL/6 mice. The array used in this study included probes for ~4000 genes annotated as potential secreted proteins. Circulating macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 (MIC-1)/growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) concentrations were increased in obese mice, rats, and humans in comparison to age-matched lean controls. Adeno-associated virus-mediated overexpression of GDF15 and recombinant GDF15 treatments reduced food intake and body weight and improved metabolic profiles in various metabolic disease models in mice, rats, and obese cynomolgus monkeys. Analysis of the GDF15 crystal structure suggested that the protein is not suitable for conventional Fc fusion at the carboxyl terminus of the protein. Thus, we used a structure-guided approach to design and successfully generate several Fc fusion molecules with extended half-life and potent efficacy. Furthermore, we discovered that GDF15 delayed gastric emptying, changed food preference, and activated area postrema neurons, confirming a role for GDF15 in the gut-brain axis responsible for the regulation of body energy intake. Our work provides evidence that GDF15 Fc fusion proteins could be potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of obesity and related comorbidities.


  • Organizational Affiliation

    Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.


Macromolecules
Find similar proteins by:  (by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
Growth/differentiation factor 15
A, B
112Homo sapiensMutation(s): 0 
Gene Names: GDF15MIC1PDFPLABPTGFB
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources
Find proteins for Q99988 (Homo sapiens)
Explore Q99988 
Go to UniProtKB:  Q99988
PHAROS:  Q99988
GTEx:  ENSG00000130513 
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupQ99988
Sequence Annotations
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  • Reference Sequence
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.30 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.242 
  • R-Value Work: 0.206 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.208 
  • Space Group: P 31 2 1
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 64.72α = 90
b = 64.72β = 90
c = 172.53γ = 120
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
MOSFLMdata collection
SCALAdata scaling
REFMACrefinement
PDB_EXTRACTdata extraction
MOSFLMdata reduction
PHASERphasing

Structure Validation

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Entry History 

Deposition Data

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 2017-11-01
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2023-10-04
    Changes: Data collection, Database references, Refinement description