5HQX

Crystal structure of maize cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase 4 (ZmCKO4) in complex with phenylurea inhibitor HETDZ


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.05 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.224 
  • R-Value Work: 0.192 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.194 

Starting Model: experimental
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Ligand Structure Quality Assessment 


This is version 1.2 of the entry. See complete history


Literature

Novel thidiazuron-derived inhibitors of cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase.

Nisler, J.Kopecny, D.Koncitikova, R.Zatloukal, M.Bazgier, V.Berka, K.Zalabak, D.Briozzo, P.Strnad, M.Spichal, L.

(2016) Plant Mol Biol 92: 235-248

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-016-0509-0
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    5HMR, 5HQX

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    Two new TDZ derivatives (HETDZ and 3FMTDZ) are very potent inhibitors of CKX and are promising candidates for in vivo studies. Cytokinin hormones regulate a wide range of essential processes in plants. Thidiazuron (N-phenyl-N'-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl urea, TDZ), formerly registered as a cotton defoliant, is a well known inhibitor of cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX), an enzyme catalyzing the degradation of cytokinins. TDZ thus increases the lifetime of cytokinins and their effects in plants. We used in silico modeling to design, synthesize and characterize twenty new TDZ derivatives with improved inhibitory properties. Two compounds, namely 1-[1,2,3]thiadiazol-5-yl-3-(3-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)urea (3FMTDZ) and 1-[2-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl]-3-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)urea (HETDZ), displayed up to 15-fold lower IC 50 values compared with TDZ for AtCKX2 from Arabidopsis thaliana and ZmCKX1 and ZmCKX4a from Zea mays. Binding modes of 3FMTDZ and HETDZ were analyzed by X-ray crystallography. Crystal structure complexes, solved at 2.0 Å resolution, revealed that HETDZ and 3FMTDZ bound differently in the active site of ZmCKX4a: the thiadiazolyl ring of 3FMTDZ was positioned over the isoalloxazine ring of FAD, whereas that of HETDZ had the opposite orientation, pointing toward the entrance of the active site. The compounds were further tested for cytokinin activity in several cytokinin bioassays. We suggest that the combination of simple synthesis, lowered cytokinin activity, and enhanced inhibitory effects on CKX isoforms, makes 3FMTDZ and HETDZ suitable candidates for in vivo studies.


  • Organizational Affiliation

    Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research (CRH), Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic. jaroslav.nisler@gmail.com.


Macromolecules
Find similar proteins by:  (by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
Cytokinin dehydrogenase 4524Zea maysMutation(s): 0 
Gene Names: CKX4
EC: 1.5.99.12
UniProt
Find proteins for E3T1W8 (Zea mays)
Explore E3T1W8 
Go to UniProtKB:  E3T1W8
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupE3T1W8
Sequence Annotations
Expand
  • Reference Sequence
Small Molecules
Ligands 2 Unique
IDChains Name / Formula / InChI Key2D Diagram3D Interactions
FAD
Query on FAD

Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
B [auth A]FLAVIN-ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE
C27 H33 N9 O15 P2
VWWQXMAJTJZDQX-UYBVJOGSSA-N
EDZ
Query on EDZ

Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
C [auth A]1-[2-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl]-3-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)urea
C11 H12 N4 O2 S
DJQZHXFMOOHESI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.05 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.224 
  • R-Value Work: 0.192 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.194 
  • Space Group: P 43 21 2
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 74.4α = 90
b = 74.4β = 90
c = 207.84γ = 90
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
BUSTERrefinement
XDSdata reduction
XSCALEdata scaling
PHASERphasing
Cootmodel building

Structure Validation

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Ligand Structure Quality Assessment 


Entry History & Funding Information

Deposition Data


Funding OrganizationLocationGrant Number
GACRCzech Republic15-22322S

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 2016-07-27
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2016-09-07
    Changes: Database references
  • Version 1.2: 2024-01-10
    Changes: Data collection, Database references, Refinement description