4UT3

X-ray structure of the human PP1 gamma catalytic subunit treated with hydrogen peroxide

Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.19 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.211 
  • R-Value Work: 0.173 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.175 

wwPDB Validation   3D Report Full Report


This is version 1.1 of the entry. See complete history. 


Literature

Targeted Redox Inhibition of Protein Phosphatase 1 by Nox4 Regulates Eif2Alpha-Mediated Stress Signaling.

Santos, C.X., Hafstad, A.D., Beretta, M., Zhang, M., Molenaar, C., Kopec, J., Fotinou, D., Murray, T.V., Cobb, A.M., Martin, D., Zeh Silva, M., Anilkumar, N., Schroder, K., Shanahan, C.M., Brewer, A.C., Brandes, R.P., Blanc, E., Parsons, M., Belousov, V., Cammack, R., Hider, R.C., Steiner, R.A., Shah, A.M.

(2016) EMBO J 35: 319

  • DOI: 10.15252/embj.201592394
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    4UT2, 4UT3

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    • Phosphorylation of translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) attenuates global protein synthesis but enhances translation of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and is a crucial evolutionarily conserved adaptive pathway during cellular stresses. The serine-threonine protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) deactivates this pathway whereas prolonging eIF2α phosphorylation enhances cell survival ...

    Phosphorylation of translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) attenuates global protein synthesis but enhances translation of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and is a crucial evolutionarily conserved adaptive pathway during cellular stresses. The serine-threonine protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) deactivates this pathway whereas prolonging eIF2α phosphorylation enhances cell survival. Here, we show that the reactive oxygen species-generating NADPH oxidase-4 (Nox4) is induced downstream of ATF4, binds to a PP1-targeting subunit GADD34 at the endoplasmic reticulum, and inhibits PP1 activity to increase eIF2α phosphorylation and ATF4 levels. Other PP1 targets distant from the endoplasmic reticulum are unaffected, indicating a spatially confined inhibition of the phosphatase. PP1 inhibition involves metal center oxidation rather than the thiol oxidation that underlies redox inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases. We show that this Nox4-regulated pathway robustly enhances cell survival and has a physiologic role in heart ischemia-reperfusion and acute kidney injury. This work uncovers a novel redox signaling pathway, involving Nox4-GADD34 interaction and a targeted oxidative inactivation of the PP1 metal center, that sustains eIF2α phosphorylation to protect tissues under stress.

    Organizational Affiliation: 

    Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, UK ajay.shah@kcl.ac.uk.



Macromolecules
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Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChainsSequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
SERINE/THREONINE-PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE PP1-GAMMA CATALYTIC SUBUNITA323Homo sapiensMutation(s): 0 
Gene Names: PPP1CC
EC: 3.1.3.16
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources
Find proteins for P36873 (Homo sapiens)
Explore P36873 
Go to UniProtKB:  P36873
PHAROS:  P36873
GTEx:  ENSG00000186298 
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupP36873
Protein Feature View
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  • Reference Sequence
Find similar proteins by: 
(by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 2
MoleculeChainsSequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
SERINE/THREONINE-PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE PP1-GAMMA CATALYTIC SUBUNITB323Homo sapiensMutation(s): 0 
Gene Names: PPP1CC
EC: 3.1.3.16
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources
Find proteins for P36873 (Homo sapiens)
Explore P36873 
Go to UniProtKB:  P36873
PHAROS:  P36873
GTEx:  ENSG00000186298 
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupP36873
Protein Feature View
Expand
  • Reference Sequence
Small Molecules
Modified Residues  1 Unique
IDChainsTypeFormula2D DiagramParent
CSO
Query on CSO		A L-PEPTIDE LINKINGC3 H7 N O3 SCYS
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.19 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.211 
  • R-Value Work: 0.173 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.175 
  • Space Group: P 1 21 1
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 38.45α = 90
b = 105.22β = 90.34
c = 89.82γ = 90
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
REFMACrefinement
XDSdata reduction
Aimlessdata scaling
MOLREPphasing

Structure Validation

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Entry History 

Deposition Data

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 2015-07-22
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2017-01-25
    Changes: Database references, Structure summary