Biological Assembly 1  

 3D View: Structure | Electron Density

Global Symmetry: Cyclic - C2  (3D View)
Global Stoichiometry: Homo 2-mer - A2 

Biological assembly 1 assigned by authors.

Macromolecule Content

• Total Structure Weight: 11.29 kDa 
• Atom Count: 794 
• Modelled Residue Count: 95 
• Deposited Residue Count: 100 
• Unique protein chains: 1

4X9Z

Dimeric conotoxin alphaD-GeXXA

• DOI: 10.2210/pdb4X9Z/pdb

• Classification: TOXIN
• Organism(s): Conus generalis
• Mutation(s): No 


• Deposited: 2014-12-12 Released: 2015-12-02 
• Deposition Author(s): Xu, S., Zhang, T., Kompella, S., Adams, D., Ding, J., Wang, C.

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Experimental Data Snapshot

• Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
• Resolution: 1.50 Å
• R-Value Free: 0.223 
• R-Value Work: 0.177 
• R-Value Observed: 0.179 

Literature

Conotoxin alpha D-GeXXA utilizes a novel strategy to antagonize nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

Xu, S., Zhang, T., Kompella, S.N., Yan, M., Lu, A., Wang, Y., Shao, X., Chi, C., Adams, D.J., Ding, J., Wang, C.

(2015) Sci Rep 5: 14261-14261

• PubMed: 26395518 
• DOI: 10.1038/srep14261
• Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
  4X9Z


• PubMed Abstract: 
  

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) play essential roles in transmitting acetylcholine-mediated neural signals across synapses and neuromuscular junctions, and are also closely linked to various diseases and clinical conditions. Therefore, novel nAChR-specific compounds have great potential for both neuroscience research and clinical applications. Conotoxins, the peptide neurotoxins produced by cone snails, are a rich reservoir of novel ligands that target receptors, ion channels and transporters in the nervous system. From the venom of Conus generalis, we identified a novel dimeric nAChR-inhibiting αD-conotoxin GeXXA. By solving the crystal structure and performing structure-guided dissection of this toxin, we demonstrated that the monomeric C-terminal domain of αD-GeXXA, GeXXA-CTD, retains inhibitory activity against the α9α10 nAChR subtype. Furthermore, we identified that His7 of the rat α10 nAChR subunit determines the species preference of αD-GeXXA, and is probably part of the binding site of this toxin. These results together suggest that αD-GeXXA cooperatively binds to two inter-subunit interfaces on the top surface of nAChR, thus allosterically disturbing the opening of the receptor. The novel antagonistic mechanism of αD-GeXXA via a new binding site on nAChRs provides a valuable basis for the rational design of new nAChR-targeting compounds.

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Organizational Affiliation: 

Institute of Protein Research, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.

Macromolecules

Entity ID: 1
Molecule	Chains	Sequence Length	Organism	Details	Image
alphaD-conotoxin GeXXA from the venom of Conus generalis	A, B	50	Conus generalis	Mutation(s): 0
UniProt
Find proteins for A0A0A0VBX4 (Conus generalis) Explore A0A0A0VBX4  Go to UniProtKB:  A0A0A0VBX4

Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

• Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
• Resolution: 1.50 Å
• R-Value Free: 0.223 
• R-Value Work: 0.177 
• R-Value Observed: 0.179 
• Space Group: P 2₁ 2₁ 2₁

Unit Cell:

Length ( Å )	Angle ( ˚ )
a = 25.436	α = 90
b = 42.423	β = 90
c = 83.013	γ = 90

Software Package:

Software Name	Purpose
REFMAC	refinement
PDB_EXTRACT	data extraction
HKL-2000	data reduction
HKL-2000	data scaling
ACORN	phasing

Structure Validation

Entry History 

Deposition Data

• Deposited Date: 2014-12-12 
• Released Date: 2015-12-02 
Deposition Author(s): Xu, S., Zhang, T., Kompella, S., Adams, D., Ding, J., Wang, C.

Revision History  

• Version 1.0: 2015-12-02
  Type: Initial release
  
• Version 1.1: 2020-02-05
  Changes: Data collection, Derived calculations