4EEP

Crystal structure of LOV2 domain of Arabidopsis thaliana phototropin 2

Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.7 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.238 
  • R-Value Work: 0.213 

wwPDB Validation 3D Report Full Report


This is version 1.3 of the entry. See complete history. 

Literature

Structural Tuning of the Fluorescent Protein iLOV for Improved Photostability.

Christie, J.M., Hitomi, K., Arvai, A.S., Hartfield, K.A., Mettlen, M., Pratt, A.J., Tainer, J.A., Getzoff, E.D.

(2012) J.Biol.Chem. 287: 22295-22304

  • DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M111.318881
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    • Fluorescent proteins derived from light, oxygen, or voltage (LOV) domains offer advantages over green fluorescent protein (GFP) from their small size and efficacy under anaerobic conditions. The flavoprotein improved LOV (iLOV) was engineered from th ...

    Fluorescent proteins derived from light, oxygen, or voltage (LOV) domains offer advantages over green fluorescent protein (GFP) from their small size and efficacy under anaerobic conditions. The flavoprotein improved LOV (iLOV) was engineered from the blue light receptor phototropin as a reporter of viral infection. To inform the molecular basis for the improved, photoreversible, fluorescent properties of iLOV, we employed directed evolution and determined five LOV crystallographic structures. Comparative structural analyses between iLOV and its progenitors reveal mutation-induced constraints in the environment of the flavin mononucleotide (FMN) chromophore; in iLOV, the methyl group of Thr-394 "crowds" the FMN isoalloxazine ring, Leu-470 triggers side chain "flipping" of Leu-472, and the terminal FMN phosphate shows increased anchoring. We further engineered iLOV variants that are readily detectable in bacterial and mammalian cells due to order-of-magnitude photostability increases. Structure determination of a resulting representative photostable iLOV (phiLOV) variant reveals additional constraints on the chromophore. Aromatic residues Tyr-401 and Phe-485 in phiLOV sandwich the FMN isoalloxazine ring from both sides, whereas Ser-390 anchors the side chain of FMN-interacting Gln-489 Our combined structural and mutational results reveal that constraining the FMN fluorophore yields improved photochemical properties for iLOV and its new photostable derivative. These findings provide a framework for structural fine-tuning of LOV scaffold proteins to maximize their potential as oxygen-independent fluorescent reporters.

    Organizational Affiliation: 

    Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. john.christie@glasgow.ac.uk




Macromolecules

Find similar proteins by: Sequence  |  Structure

Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChainsSequence LengthOrganismDetails
Phototropin-2
A
115Arabidopsis thalianaMutation(s): 0 
Gene Names: PHOT2 (CAV1, KIN7, NPL1)
EC: 2.7.11.1
Find proteins for P93025 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Go to UniProtKB:  P93025
Small Molecules
Ligands 1 Unique
IDChainsName / Formula / InChI Key2D Diagram3D Interactions
FMN
Query on FMN
Download SDF File 
Download CCD File 
A
FLAVIN MONONUCLEOTIDE
RIBOFLAVIN MONOPHOSPHATE
C17 H21 N4 O9 P
FVTCRASFADXXNN-SCRDCRAPSA-N
 Ligand Interaction
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.7 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.238 
  • R-Value Work: 0.213 
  • Space Group: P 43 21 2
Unit Cell:
Length (Å)Angle (°)
a = 40.502α = 90.00
b = 40.502β = 90.00
c = 127.315γ = 90.00
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
REFMACrefinement

Structure Validation

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View more in-depth experimental data

Entry History 

Deposition Data

Revision History 

  • Version 1.0: 2012-05-16
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2012-06-06
    Type: Database references
  • Version 1.2: 2012-07-11
    Type: Database references
  • Version 1.3: 2018-01-24
    Type: Structure summary