4B3E

Structure of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase complexed with bicarbonate.

Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.15 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.215 
  • R-Value Work: 0.175 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.177 

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This is version 1.0 of the entry. See complete history. 


Literature

Structural Evidence for a Copper-Bound Carbonate Intermediate in the Peroxidase and Dismutase Activities of Superoxide Dismutase.

Strange, R.W., Hough, M.A., Antonyuk, S.V., Hasnain, S.S.

(2012) PLoS One 7: 44811

  • DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044811
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    4B3E

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    • Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD) is of fundamental importance to our understanding of oxidative damage. Its primary function is catalysing the dismutation of superoxide to O(2) and H(2)O(2). SOD also reacts with H(2)O(2), leading to the formation of a strong copper-bound oxidant species that can either inactivate the enzyme or oxidise other substrates ...

    Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD) is of fundamental importance to our understanding of oxidative damage. Its primary function is catalysing the dismutation of superoxide to O(2) and H(2)O(2). SOD also reacts with H(2)O(2), leading to the formation of a strong copper-bound oxidant species that can either inactivate the enzyme or oxidise other substrates. In the presence of bicarbonate (or CO(2)) and H(2)O(2), this peroxidase activity is enhanced and produces the carbonate radical. This freely diffusible reactive oxygen species is proposed as the agent for oxidation of large substrates that are too bulky to enter the active site. Here, we provide direct structural evidence, from a 2.15 Å resolution crystal structure, of (bi)carbonate captured at the active site of reduced SOD, consistent with the view that a bound carbonate intermediate could be formed, producing a diffusible carbonate radical upon reoxidation of copper. The bound carbonate blocks direct access of substrates to Cu(I), suggesting that an adjunct to the accepted mechanism of SOD catalysed dismutation of superoxide operates, with Cu(I) oxidation by superoxide being driven via a proton-coupled electron transfer mechanism involving the bound carbonate rather than the solvent. Carbonate is captured in a different site when SOD is oxidised, being located in the active site channel adjacent to the catalytically important Arg143. This is the probable route of diffusion from the active site following reoxidation of the copper. In this position, the carbonate is poised for re-entry into the active site and binding to the reduced copper.

    Organizational Affiliation: 

    Molecular Biophysics Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom. r.strange@liv.ac.uk



Macromolecules
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(by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChainsSequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE [CU-ZN]
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J
154Homo sapiensMutation(s): 0 
Gene Names: SOD1
EC: 1.15.1.1
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources
Find proteins for P00441 (Homo sapiens)
Explore P00441 
Go to UniProtKB:  P00441
PHAROS:  P00441
GTEx:  ENSG00000142168 
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupP00441
Protein Feature View
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  • Reference Sequence
Small Molecules
Ligands 4 Unique
IDChainsName / Formula / InChI Key2D Diagram3D Interactions
SO4
Query on SO4
Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
CA [auth F],
DA [auth F],
HA [auth G],
RA [auth J],
SA [auth J]		SULFATE ION
O4 S
QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L		 Ligand Interaction
ZN
Query on ZN
Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
AA [auth F],
FA [auth G],
JA [auth H],
L [auth A],
MA [auth I],
AA [auth F],
FA [auth G],
JA [auth H],
L [auth A],
MA [auth I],
O [auth B],
PA [auth J],
R [auth C],
U [auth D],
X [auth E]
ZINC ION
Zn
PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N		 Ligand Interaction
CU
Query on CU
Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
EA [auth G],
IA [auth H],
K [auth A],
LA [auth I],
N [auth B],
EA [auth G],
IA [auth H],
K [auth A],
LA [auth I],
N [auth B],
OA [auth J],
Q [auth C],
T [auth D],
W [auth E],
Z [auth F]
COPPER (II) ION
Cu
JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N		 Ligand Interaction
CO3
Query on CO3
Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
BA [auth F],
GA [auth G],
KA [auth H],
M [auth A],
NA [auth I],
BA [auth F],
GA [auth G],
KA [auth H],
M [auth A],
NA [auth I],
P [auth B],
QA [auth J],
S [auth C],
V [auth D],
Y [auth E]
CARBONATE ION
C O3
BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L		 Ligand Interaction
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.15 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.215 
  • R-Value Work: 0.175 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.177 
  • Space Group: C 2 2 21
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 165.994α = 90
b = 203.107β = 90
c = 144.384γ = 90
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
REFMACrefinement
HKL-2000data reduction
HKL-2000data scaling
MOLREPphasing

Structure Validation

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Entry History 

Deposition Data

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 2012-09-26
    Type: Initial release