4AKJ

Ligand controlled assembly of hexamers, dihexamers, and linear multihexamer structures by an engineered acylated insulin

Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.01 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.229 
  • R-Value Work: 0.196 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.198 

wwPDB Validation   3D Report Full Report


This is version 1.2 of the entry. See complete history. 


Literature

Ligand Controlled Assembly of Hexamers, Dihexamers, and Linear Multihexamer Structures by the Engineered Acylated Insulin Degludec.

Steensgaard, D.B., Schluckebier, G., Strauss, H.M., Norrman, M., Thomsen, J.K., Friderichsen, A.V., Havelund, S., Jonassen, I.

(2013) Biochemistry 52: 295

  • DOI: 10.1021/bi3008609
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    4AJX, 4AJZ, 4AK0, 4AKJ

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    • Insulin degludec, an engineered acylated insulin, was recently reported to form a soluble depot after subcutaneous injection with a subsequent slow release of insulin and an ultralong glucose-lowering effect in excess of 40 h in humans. We describe t ...

    Insulin degludec, an engineered acylated insulin, was recently reported to form a soluble depot after subcutaneous injection with a subsequent slow release of insulin and an ultralong glucose-lowering effect in excess of 40 h in humans. We describe the structure, ligand binding properties, and self-assemblies of insulin degludec using orthogonal structural methods. The protein fold adopted by insulin degludec is very similar to that of human insulin. Hexamers in the R(6) state similar to those of human insulin are observed for insulin degludec in the presence of zinc and resorcinol. However, under conditions comparable to the pharmaceutical formulation comprising zinc and phenol, insulin degludec forms finite dihexamers that are composed of hexamers in the T(3)R(3) state that interact to form an R(3)T(3)-T(3)R(3) structure. When the phenolic ligand is depleted and the solvent condition thereby mimics that of the injection site, the quaternary structure changes from dihexamers to a supramolecular structure composed of linear arrays of hundreds of hexamers in the T(6) state and an average molar mass, M(0), of 59.7 × 10(3) kg/mol. This novel concept of self-assemblies of insulin controlled by zinc and phenol provides the basis for the slow action profile of insulin degludec. To the best of our knowledge, this report for the first time describes a tight linkage between quaternary insulin structures of hexamers, dihexamers, and multihexamers and their allosteric state and its origin in the inherent propensity of the insulin hexamer for allosteric half-site reactivity.

    Organizational Affiliation: 

    Diabetes Protein Engineering, Novo Nordisk A/S , Novo Nordisk Park, 2760 Maaloev, Denmark. dbs@novonordisk.com



Macromolecules
Find similar proteins by: 
(by identity cutoff)  |  Structure
Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChainsSequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
INSULIN A CHAINA, C21Homo sapiensMutation(s): 0 
Gene Names: INS
Find proteins for P01308 (Homo sapiens)
Explore P01308 
Go to UniProtKB:  P01308
NIH Common Fund Data Resources
PHAROS  P01308
Protein Feature View
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  • Reference Sequence
Find similar proteins by: 
(by identity cutoff)  |  Structure
Entity ID: 2
MoleculeChainsSequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
INSULIN B CHAINB, D29Homo sapiensMutation(s): 0 
Gene Names: INS
Find proteins for P01308 (Homo sapiens)
Explore P01308 
Go to UniProtKB:  P01308
NIH Common Fund Data Resources
PHAROS  P01308
Protein Feature View
Expand
  • Reference Sequence
Small Molecules
Ligands 4 Unique
IDChainsName / Formula / InChI Key2D Diagram3D Interactions
16E
Query on 16E
Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
B
N-(16-Carboxyhexadecanoyl)-L-glutamic acid
C21 H37 N O7
SGIVALYPXQHYAY-KRWDZBQOSA-N		 Ligand Interaction
IPH
Query on IPH
Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
A, C
PHENOL
C6 H6 O
ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N		 Ligand Interaction
ZN
Query on ZN
Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
B, D
ZINC ION
Zn
PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N		 Ligand Interaction
CL
Query on CL
Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
B, D
CHLORIDE ION
Cl
VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M		 Ligand Interaction
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.01 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.229 
  • R-Value Work: 0.196 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.198 
  • Space Group: H 3
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 78.717α = 90
b = 78.717β = 90
c = 40.551γ = 120
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
REFMACrefinement
HKL-2000data reduction
SCALEPACKdata scaling
MOLREPphasing

Structure Validation

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Entry History 

Deposition Data

Revision History 

  • Version 1.0: 2013-01-09
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2013-01-30
    Changes: Database references
  • Version 1.2: 2017-07-05
    Changes: Data collection