3IAU

The structure of the processed form of threonine deaminase isoform 2 from Solanum lycopersicum


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.35 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.199 
  • R-Value Work: 0.164 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.166 

wwPDB Validation   3D Report Full Report


This is version 1.2 of the entry. See complete history


Literature

Adaptive evolution of threonine deaminase in plant defense against insect herbivores.

Gonzales-Vigil, E.Bianchetti, C.M.Phillips, G.N.Howe, G.A.

(2011) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108: 5897-5902

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1016157108
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    3IAU

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    Gene duplication is a major source of plant chemical diversity that mediates plant-herbivore interactions. There is little direct evidence, however, that novel chemical traits arising from gene duplication reduce herbivory. Higher plants use threonine deaminase (TD) to catalyze the dehydration of threonine (Thr) to α-ketobutyrate and ammonia as the committed step in the biosynthesis of isoleucine (Ile). Cultivated tomato and related Solanum species contain a duplicated TD paralog (TD2) that is coexpressed with a suite of genes involved in herbivore resistance. Analysis of TD2-deficient tomato lines showed that TD2 has a defensive function related to Thr catabolism in the gut of lepidopteran herbivores. During herbivory, the regulatory domain of TD2 is removed by proteolysis to generate a truncated protein (pTD2) that efficiently degrades Thr without being inhibited by Ile. We show that this proteolytic activation step occurs in the gut of lepidopteran but not coleopteran herbivores, and is catalyzed by a chymotrypsin-like protease of insect origin. Analysis of purified recombinant enzymes showed that TD2 is remarkably more resistant to proteolysis and high temperature than the ancestral TD1 isoform. The crystal structure of pTD2 provided evidence that electrostatic interactions constitute a stabilizing feature associated with adaptation of TD2 to the extreme environment of the lepidopteran gut. These findings demonstrate a role for gene duplication in the evolution of a plant defense that targets and co-opts herbivore digestive physiology.


  • Organizational Affiliation

    Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.


Macromolecules
Find similar proteins by:  (by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
Threonine deaminase
A, B
366Solanum lycopersicumMutation(s): 0 
Gene Names: TD
EC: 4.3.1.19 (PDB Primary Data), 4.3.1.17 (UniProt)
UniProt
Find proteins for P25306 (Solanum lycopersicum)
Explore P25306 
Go to UniProtKB:  P25306
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupP25306
Sequence Annotations
Expand
  • Reference Sequence
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.35 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.199 
  • R-Value Work: 0.164 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.166 
  • Space Group: P 61 2 2
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 136.834α = 90
b = 136.834β = 90
c = 254.226γ = 120
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
DENZOdata reduction
SCALEPACKdata scaling
MOLREPphasing
PHENIXrefinement
PDB_EXTRACTdata extraction

Structure Validation

View Full Validation Report



Entry History 

Deposition Data

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 2009-07-28
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2011-07-13
    Changes: Version format compliance
  • Version 1.2: 2017-11-01
    Changes: Refinement description