3KQ6

Enhancing the Therapeutic Properties of a Protein by a Designed Zinc-Binding Site, Structural principles of a novel long-acting insulin analog

DOI: 10.2210/pdb3KQ6/pdb

Classification: HORMONE
Organism(s): Homo sapiens
Mutation(s): Yes

Deposited: 2009-11-17 Released: 2010-02-23
Deposition Author(s): Wan, Z.L., Hu, S.Q., Whittaker, L., Phillips, N.B., Whittake, J., Ismail-Beigi, F., Weiss, M.A.

Experimental Data Snapshot

Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution: 1.90 Å
R-Value Free: 0.257
R-Value Work: 0.199

wwPDB Validation 3D Report Full Report

This is version 1.1 of the entry. See complete history.

Literature

Supramolecular protein engineering: design of zinc-stapled insulin hexamers as a long acting depot.

Phillips, N.B., Wan, Z.L., Whittaker, L., Hu, S.Q., Huang, K., Hua, Q.X., Whittaker, J., Ismail-Beigi, F., Weiss, M.A.

(2010) J Biol Chem 285: 11755-11759

PubMed: 20181952 Search on PubMedSearch on PubMed Central
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.C110.105825
Primary Citation of Related Structures:
3KQ6

PubMed Abstract:

Bottom-up control of supramolecular protein assembly can provide a therapeutic nanobiotechnology. We demonstrate that the pharmacological properties of insulin can be enhanced by design of "zinc staples" between hexamers. Paired (i, i+4) His substitutions were introduced at an alpha-helical surface. The crystal structure contains both classical axial zinc ions and novel zinc ions at hexamer-hexamer interfaces. Although soluble at pH 4, the combined electrostatic effects of the substitutions and bridging zinc ions cause isoelectric precipitation at neutral pH. Following subcutaneous injection in a diabetic rat, the analog effected glycemic control with a time course similar to that of long acting formulation Lantus. Relative to Lantus, however, the analog discriminates at least 30-fold more stringently between the insulin receptor and mitogenic insulin-like growth factor receptor. Because aberrant mitogenic signaling may be associated with elevated cancer risk, such enhanced specificity may improve safety. Zinc stapling provides a general strategy to modify the pharmacokinetic and biological properties of a subcutaneous protein depot.

Related Citations:

Enhancing the activity of insulin at the receptor interface: crystal structure and photo-cross-linking of A8 analogues.
Wan, Z.L., Xu, B., Chu, Y.C., Li, B., Nakagawa, S.H., Qu, Y., Hu, S.Q., Katsoyannis, P.G., Weiss, M.A.
(2004) Biochemistry 43: 16119

The structure of 2zn pig insulin crystal at 1.5 A resolution
Baker, E.N., Blundell, T.L., Cutfield, J.F., Cutfield, S.M., Dodson, E.J., Dodson, G.G., Hodgkin, D., Isaacs, N.W., Reynolds, C.D.
(1988) Philos Trans R Soc London,ser B 319: 369

Structure of insulin in 4-zinc insulin
Bentley, G., Dodson, E., Dodson, G., Hodgkin, D., Mercola, D.
(1976) Nature 261: 166

Phenol stabilizes more helix in a new symmetrical zinc insulin hexamer
Derewenda, U., Derewenda, Z., Dodson, E., Dodson, G., Reynold, C., Smith, G., Sparks, C., Swenson, D.
(1989) Nature 338: 594

Organizational Affiliation:

Department of Biochemistry, Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.

Macromolecules

Find similar proteins by:

(by identity cutoff) | Structure

Entity ID: 1
Molecule	Chains	Sequence Length	Organism	Details	Image
Insulin A chain	A, C	21	Homo sapiens	Mutation(s): 2 Gene Names: INS
Find proteins for P01308 (Homo sapiens) Explore P01308 Go to UniProtKB: P01308
NIH Common Fund Data Resources
PHAROS: P01308
Protein Feature View Expand
Reference Sequence

Find similar proteins by:

(by identity cutoff) | Structure

Entity ID: 2
Molecule	Chains	Sequence Length	Organism	Details	Image
Insulin B chain	B, D	30	Homo sapiens	Mutation(s): 0 Gene Names: INS
Find proteins for P01308 (Homo sapiens) Explore P01308 Go to UniProtKB: P01308
NIH Common Fund Data Resources
PHAROS: P01308
Protein Feature View Expand
Reference Sequence

Small Molecules

Ligands 3 Unique
ID	Chains	Name / Formula / InChI Key	2D Diagram	3D Interactions
IPH Query on IPH Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File SDF format, chain H [C] MOL2 format, chain H [C]	C	PHENOL C₆ H₆ O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N		Ligand Interaction
ZN Query on ZN Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File SDF format, chain E [A] SDF format, chain G [B] SDF format, chain I [D] MOL2 format, chain E [A] MOL2 format, chain G [B] MOL2 format, chain I [D]	A, B, D	ZINC ION Zn PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N		Ligand Interaction
CL Query on CL Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File SDF format, chain F [A] SDF format, chain J [D] MOL2 format, chain F [A] MOL2 format, chain J [D]	A, D	CHLORIDE ION Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M		Ligand Interaction