2QBW

The crystal structure of PDZ-Fibronectin fusion protein

Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.80 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.205 
  • R-Value Work: 0.168 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.170 

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This is version 1.1 of the entry. See complete history. 


Literature

Design of protein function leaps by directed domain interface evolution.

Huang, J., Koide, A., Makabe, K., Koide, S.

(2008) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105: 6578-6583

  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0801097105
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    2QBW

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    • Most natural proteins performing sophisticated tasks contain multiple domains where an active site is located at the domain interface. Comparative structural analyses suggest that major leaps in protein function occur through gene recombination events that connect two or more protein domains to generate a new active site, frequently occurring at the newly created domain interface ...

    Most natural proteins performing sophisticated tasks contain multiple domains where an active site is located at the domain interface. Comparative structural analyses suggest that major leaps in protein function occur through gene recombination events that connect two or more protein domains to generate a new active site, frequently occurring at the newly created domain interface. However, such functional leaps by combination of unrelated domains have not been directly demonstrated. Here we show that highly specific and complex protein functions can be generated by joining a low-affinity peptide-binding domain with a functionally inert second domain and subsequently optimizing the domain interface. These directed evolution processes dramatically enhanced both affinity and specificity to a level unattainable with a single domain, corresponding to >500-fold and >2,000-fold increases of affinity and specificity, respectively. An x-ray crystal structure revealed that the resulting "affinity clamp" had clamshell architecture as designed, with large additional binding surface contributed by the second domain. The affinity clamps having a single-nanomolar dissociation constant outperformed a monoclonal antibody in immunochemical applications. This work establishes evolutionary paths from isolated domains with primitive function to multidomain proteins with sophisticated function and introduces a new protein-engineering concept that allows for the generation of highly functional affinity reagents to a predefined target. The prevalence and variety of natural interaction domains suggest that numerous new functions can be designed by using directed domain interface evolution.

    Organizational Affiliation: 

    Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.



Macromolecules
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Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChainsSequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
PDZ-Fibronectin fusion proteinA195Homo sapiensMutation(s): 0 
Gene Names: ERBB2IP, ERBIN, KIAA1225, LAP2
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources
Find proteins for Q96RT1 (Homo sapiens)
Explore Q96RT1 
Go to UniProtKB:  Q96RT1
PHAROS:  Q96RT1
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupQ96RT1
Protein Feature View
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  • Reference Sequence

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Entity ID: 2
MoleculeChainsSequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
PolypeptideB8N/AMutation(s): 0 
Protein Feature View
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  • Reference Sequence
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.80 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.205 
  • R-Value Work: 0.168 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.170 
  • Space Group: I 21 21 21
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 54.818α = 90
b = 79.35β = 90
c = 119.842γ = 90
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
REFMACrefinement
HKL-2000data collection
HKL-2000data reduction
HKL-2000data scaling
MOLREPphasing

Structure Validation

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Entry History 

Deposition Data

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 2008-04-22
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2011-07-13
    Changes: Version format compliance