Biological Assembly 1  

 3D View: Structure | Electron Density | Ligand Interaction

Standalone Viewers  
Protein Workshop | Ligand Explorer

Global Symmetry: Asymmetric - C1 
Global Stoichiometry: Monomer - A 

Biological assembly 1 assigned by authors.

Macromolecule Content

• Total Structure Weight: 30710.40 
• Atom Count: 2115 
• Residue Count: 255 
• Unique protein chains: 2

2PKL

Androgen receptor LBD with small molecule

• DOI: 10.2210/pdb2PKL/pdb

• Classification: HORMONE RECEPTOR
• Organism(s): Homo sapiens
• Expression System: Escherichia coli


• Deposited: 2007-04-17 Released: 2007-09-25 
• Deposition Author(s): Estebanez-Perpina, E., Arnold, A.A., Baxter, J.D., Guy, K.R., Webb, P., Fletterick, R.J.

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Experimental Data Snapshot

• Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
• Resolution: 2.49 Å
• R-Value Free: 0.260 

Literature

A surface on the androgen receptor that allosterically regulates coactivator binding.

Estebanez-Perpina, E., Arnold, L.A., Arnold, A.A., Nguyen, P., Rodrigues, E.D., Mar, E., Bateman, R., Pallai, P., Shokat, K.M., Baxter, J.D., Guy, R.K., Webb, P., Fletterick, R.J.

(2007) Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.Usa 104: 16074-16079

• PubMed: 17911242 
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0708036104
• Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
  2QPY, 2PIX, 2PIW, 2PIV, 2PIU, 2PIT, 2PIR, 2PIQ, 2PIP, 2PIO


• PubMed Abstract: 
  

Current approaches to inhibit nuclear receptor (NR) activity target the hormone binding pocket but face limitations. We have proposed that inhibitors, which bind to nuclear receptor surfaces that mediate assembly of the receptor's binding partners, might overcome some of these limitations. The androgen receptor (AR) plays a central role in prostate cancer, but conventional inhibitors lose effectiveness as cancer treatments because anti-androgen resistance usually develops. We conducted functional and x-ray screens to identify compounds that bind the AR surface and block binding of coactivators for AR activation function 2 (AF-2). Four compounds that block coactivator binding in solution with IC(50) approximately 50 microM and inhibit AF-2 activity in cells were detected: three nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and the thyroid hormone 3,3',5-triiodothyroacetic acid. Although visualization of compounds at the AR surface reveals weak binding at AF-2, the most potent inhibitors bind preferentially to a previously unknown regulatory surface cleft termed binding function (BF)-3, which is a known target for mutations in prostate cancer and androgen insensitivity syndrome. X-ray structural analysis reveals that 3,3',5-triiodothyroacetic acid binding to BF-3 remodels the adjacent interaction site AF-2 to weaken coactivator binding. Mutation of residues that form BF-3 inhibits AR function and AR AF-2 activity. We propose that BF-3 is a previously unrecognized allosteric regulatory site needed for AR activity in vivo and a possible pharmaceutical target.

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Organizational Affiliation: 

Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.

Macromolecules

Find similar proteins by: Sequence  |  Structure

Entity ID: 1
Molecule	Chains	Sequence Length	Organism	Details
Androgen receptor	A	251	Homo sapiens	Mutation(s): 0  Gene Names: AR (DHTR, NR3C4)
Find proteins for P10275 (Homo sapiens) Go to Gene View: AR Go to UniProtKB:  P10275

Entity ID: 2
Molecule	Chains	Sequence Length	Organism	Details
ARA70 peptide	B	4	N/A	Mutation(s): 0
Protein Feature View is not available: No corresponding UniProt sequence found.

Small Molecules

Ligands 2 Unique
ID	Chains	Name / Formula / InChI Key	2D Diagram & Interactions
4HY	A	[4-(4-HYDROXY-3-IODO-PHENOXY)-3,5-DIIODO-PHENYL]-ACETIC ACID C14 H9 I3 O4 UOWZUVNAGUAEQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
DHT	A	5-ALPHA-DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE C19 H30 O2 NVKAWKQGWWIWPM-ABEVXSGRSA-N

External Ligand Annotations
ID	Binding Affinity (Sequence Identity %)
4HY	IC50: 34800 nM (100) BINDINGDB
DHT	IC50: 0 nM (100) BINDINGDB
DHT	EC50: 0.1 - 20 nM (100) BINDINGDB
DHT	Ki: 0.2 - 10 nM (100) BINDINGDB

Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

• Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
• Resolution: 2.49 Å
• R-Value Free: 0.260 
• Space Group: P 2₁ 2₁ 2₁

Unit Cell:

Length (Å)	Angle (°)
a = 55.070	α = 90.00
b = 66.430	β = 90.00
c = 72.760	γ = 90.00

Software Package:

Software Name	Purpose
CNS	refinement
ELVES	refinement
ELVES	data reduction
ELVES	data scaling
CNS	phasing

Structure Validation

Entry History 

Deposition Data

• Deposited Date: 2007-04-17 
• Released Date: 2007-09-25 
• Deposition Author(s): Estebanez-Perpina, E., Arnold, A.A., Baxter, J.D., Guy, K.R., Webb, P., Fletterick, R.J.

Revision History 

• Version 1.0: 2007-09-25
  Type: Initial release
• Version 1.1: 2011-07-13
  Type: Version format compliance
• Version 1.2: 2017-10-18
  Type: Refinement description