Biological Assembly 1  

 3D View: Structure | Electron Density | Ligand Interaction

Global Symmetry: Dihedral - D2  (3D View)
Global Stoichiometry: Homo 4-mer - A4 

Biological assembly 1 assigned by authors and generated by PISA,PQS (software)

Macromolecule Content

• Total Structure Weight: 77.40 kDa 
• Atom Count: 5317 
• Residue Count: 651 
• Unique protein chains: 1

2PAH

TETRAMERIC HUMAN PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE

• DOI: 10.2210/pdb2PAH/pdb

• Classification: HYDROXYLASE
• Organism(s): Homo sapiens
• Expression System: Escherichia coli BL21
• Mutation(s): No 


• Deposited: 1998-05-26 Released: 1999-10-06 
• Deposition Author(s): Stevens, R.C., Fusetti, F., Erlandsen, H.

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Experimental Data Snapshot

• Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
• Resolution: 3.10 Å
• R-Value Free: 0.326 
• R-Value Work: 0.251 
• R-Value Observed: 0.251 

Literature

Structure of tetrameric human phenylalanine hydroxylase and its implications for phenylketonuria.

Fusetti, F., Erlandsen, H., Flatmark, T., Stevens, R.C.

(1998) J Biol Chem 273: 16962-16967

• PubMed: 9642259 
• DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.27.16962
• Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
  2PAH


• PubMed Abstract: 
  

Phenylalanine hydroxylase (PheOH) catalyzes the conversion of L-phenylalanine to L-tyrosine, the rate-limiting step in the oxidative degradation of phenylalanine. Mutations in the human PheOH gene cause phenylketonuria, a common autosomal recessive metabolic disorder that in untreated patients often results in varying degrees of mental retardation. We have determined the crystal structure of human PheOH (residues 118-452). The enzyme crystallizes as a tetramer with each monomer consisting of a catalytic and a tetramerization domain. The tetramerization domain is characterized by the presence of a domain swapping arm that interacts with the other monomers forming an antiparallel coiled-coil. The structure is the first report of a tetrameric PheOH and displays an overall architecture similar to that of the functionally related tyrosine hydroxylase. In contrast to the tyrosine hydroxylase tetramer structure, a very pronounced asymmetry is observed in the phenylalanine hydroxylase, caused by the occurrence of two alternate conformations in the hinge region that leads to the coiled-coil helix. Examination of the mutations causing PKU shows that some of the most frequent mutations are located at the interface of the catalytic and tetramerization domains. Their effects on the structural and cellular stability of the enzyme are discussed.

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Organizational Affiliation: 

Department of Chemistry, University of California and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

Macromolecules

Entity ID: 1
Molecule	Chains	Sequence Length	Organism	Details	Image
PROTEIN (PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE)	A, B	335	Homo sapiens	Mutation(s): 0  Gene Names: PAH EC: 1.14.16.1
Find proteins for P00439 (Homo sapiens) Explore P00439  Go to UniProtKB:  P00439
NIH Common Fund Data Resources
PHAROS:  P00439 GTEx:  ENSG00000171759

Small Molecules

Ligands 1 Unique
ID	Chains	Name / Formula / InChI Key	2D Diagram
FE	A, B	FE (III) ION Fe VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

• Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
• Resolution: 3.10 Å
• R-Value Free: 0.326 
• R-Value Work: 0.251 
• R-Value Observed: 0.251 
• Space Group: P 3₁ 1 2

Unit Cell:

Length ( Å )	Angle ( ˚ )
a = 119.5	α = 90
b = 119.5	β = 90
c = 126	γ = 120

Software Package:

Software Name	Purpose
AMoRE	phasing
X-PLOR	refinement
DENZO	data reduction
SCALEPACK	data scaling

Structure Validation

Entry History 

Deposition Data

• Deposited Date: 1998-05-26 
• Released Date: 1999-10-06 
Deposition Author(s): Stevens, R.C., Fusetti, F., Erlandsen, H.

Revision History 

• Version 1.0: 1999-10-06
  Type: Initial release
  
• Version 1.1: 2007-10-16
  Changes: Version format compliance
• Version 1.2: 2011-07-13
  Changes: Derived calculations, Version format compliance