2THF

STRUCTURE OF HUMAN ALPHA-THROMBIN Y225F MUTANT BOUND TO D-PHE-PRO-ARG-CHLOROMETHYLKETONE

Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.1 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.265 
  • R-Value Work: 0.199 

wwPDB Validation 3D Report Full Report


This is version 1.3 of the entry. See complete history. 

Literature

Unexpected crucial role of residue 225 in serine proteases.

Guinto, E.R., Caccia, S., Rose, T., Futterer, K., Waksman, G., Di Cera, E.

(1999) Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 96: 1852-1857

  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    • Residue 225 in serine proteases of the chymotrypsin family is Pro or Tyr in more than 95% of nearly 300 available sequences. Proteases with Y225 (like some blood coagulation and complement factors) are almost exclusively found in vertebrates, whereas ...

    Residue 225 in serine proteases of the chymotrypsin family is Pro or Tyr in more than 95% of nearly 300 available sequences. Proteases with Y225 (like some blood coagulation and complement factors) are almost exclusively found in vertebrates, whereas proteases with P225 (like degradative enzymes) are present from bacteria to human. Saturation mutagenesis of Y225 in thrombin shows that residue 225 affects ligand recognition up to 60,000-fold. With the exception of Tyr and Phe, all residues are associated with comparable or greatly reduced catalytic activity relative to Pro. The crystal structures of three mutants that differ widely in catalytic activity (Y225F, Y225P, and Y225I) show that although residue 225 makes no contact with substrate, it drastically influences the shape of the water channel around the primary specificity site. The activity profiles obtained for thrombin also suggest that the conversion of Pro to Tyr or Phe documented in the vertebrates occurred through Ser and was driven by a significant gain (up to 50-fold) in catalytic activity. In fact, Ser and Phe are documented in 4% of serine proteases, which together with Pro and Tyr account for almost the entire distribution of residues at position 225. The unexpected crucial role of residue 225 in serine proteases explains the evolutionary selection of residues at this position and shows that the structural determinants of protease activity and specificity are more complex than currently believed. These findings have broad implications in the rational design of enzymes with enhanced catalytic properties.

    Organizational Affiliation: 

    Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8231, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.




Macromolecules

Find similar proteins by: Sequence  |  Structure

Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChainsSequence LengthOrganismDetails
THROMBIN LIGHT CHAIN
A
36Homo sapiensMutation(s): 0 
Gene Names: F2
EC: 3.4.21.5
Find proteins for P00734 (Homo sapiens)
Go to Gene View: F2
Go to UniProtKB:  P00734
Entity ID: 2
MoleculeChainsSequence LengthOrganismDetails
THROMBIN HEAVY CHAIN
B
259Homo sapiensMutation(s): 0 
Gene Names: F2
EC: 3.4.21.5
Find proteins for P00734 (Homo sapiens)
Go to Gene View: F2
Go to UniProtKB:  P00734
Small Molecules
Ligands 2 Unique
IDChainsName / Formula / InChI Key2D Diagram3D Interactions
NA
Query on NA
Download SDF File 
Download CCD File 
B
SODIUM ION
Na
FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
 Ligand Interaction
0G6
Query on 0G6
Download SDF File 
Download CCD File 
B
D-phenylalanyl-N-[(2S,3S)-6-{[amino(iminio)methyl]amino}-1-chloro-2-hydroxyhexan-3-yl]-L-prolinamide
PPACK
C21 H34 Cl N6 O3
DVFLYEYCMMLBTQ-VSZNYVQBSA-O
 Ligand Interaction
Biologically Interesting Molecules 1 Unique
IDChainsNameType/Class2D Diagram3D Interactions
PRD_000020 (0G6)
Query on PRD_000020		BD-Phe-Pro-Arg-CH2ClPeptide-like / Inhibitor

--

Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.1 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.265 
  • R-Value Work: 0.199 
  • Space Group: P 21 21 21
Unit Cell:
Length (Å)Angle (°)
a = 53.100α = 90.00
b = 75.100β = 90.00
c = 81.400γ = 90.00
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
SCALEPACKdata scaling
DENZOdata reduction
X-PLORrefinement
AMoREphasing

Structure Validation

View Full Validation Report or Ramachandran Plots


View more in-depth experimental data

Entry History 

Deposition Data

Revision History 

  • Version 1.0: 1999-03-07
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2008-04-26
    Type: Version format compliance
  • Version 1.2: 2011-07-13
    Type: Atomic model, Database references, Derived calculations, Non-polymer description, Structure summary, Version format compliance
  • Version 1.3: 2013-02-27
    Type: Other