2THF

STRUCTURE OF HUMAN ALPHA-THROMBIN Y225F MUTANT BOUND TO D-PHE-PRO-ARG-CHLOROMETHYLKETONE

Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.10 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.265 
  • R-Value Work: 0.199 

wwPDB Validation   3D Report Full Report


This is version 1.3 of the entry. See complete history. 


Literature

Unexpected crucial role of residue 225 in serine proteases.

Guinto, E.R., Caccia, S., Rose, T., Futterer, K., Waksman, G., Di Cera, E.

(1999) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96: 1852-1857

  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.5.1852
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    1B7X, 1THP, 2THF

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    • Residue 225 in serine proteases of the chymotrypsin family is Pro or Tyr in more than 95% of nearly 300 available sequences. Proteases with Y225 (like some blood coagulation and complement factors) are almost exclusively found in vertebrates, whereas proteases with P225 (like degradative enzymes) are present from bacteria to human ...

    Residue 225 in serine proteases of the chymotrypsin family is Pro or Tyr in more than 95% of nearly 300 available sequences. Proteases with Y225 (like some blood coagulation and complement factors) are almost exclusively found in vertebrates, whereas proteases with P225 (like degradative enzymes) are present from bacteria to human. Saturation mutagenesis of Y225 in thrombin shows that residue 225 affects ligand recognition up to 60,000-fold. With the exception of Tyr and Phe, all residues are associated with comparable or greatly reduced catalytic activity relative to Pro. The crystal structures of three mutants that differ widely in catalytic activity (Y225F, Y225P, and Y225I) show that although residue 225 makes no contact with substrate, it drastically influences the shape of the water channel around the primary specificity site. The activity profiles obtained for thrombin also suggest that the conversion of Pro to Tyr or Phe documented in the vertebrates occurred through Ser and was driven by a significant gain (up to 50-fold) in catalytic activity. In fact, Ser and Phe are documented in 4% of serine proteases, which together with Pro and Tyr account for almost the entire distribution of residues at position 225. The unexpected crucial role of residue 225 in serine proteases explains the evolutionary selection of residues at this position and shows that the structural determinants of protease activity and specificity are more complex than currently believed. These findings have broad implications in the rational design of enzymes with enhanced catalytic properties.

    Organizational Affiliation: 

    Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8231, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.



Macromolecules
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(by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChainsSequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
THROMBIN LIGHT CHAINA36Homo sapiensMutation(s): 0 
Gene Names: F2
EC: 3.4.21.5
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources
Find proteins for P00734 (Homo sapiens)
Explore P00734 
Go to UniProtKB:  P00734
PHAROS:  P00734
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupP00734
Protein Feature View
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  • Reference Sequence
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(by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 2
MoleculeChainsSequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
THROMBIN HEAVY CHAINB259Homo sapiensMutation(s): 0 
Gene Names: F2
EC: 3.4.21.5
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources
Find proteins for P00734 (Homo sapiens)
Explore P00734 
Go to UniProtKB:  P00734
PHAROS:  P00734
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupP00734
Protein Feature View
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  • Reference Sequence
Small Molecules
Ligands 2 Unique
IDChainsName / Formula / InChI Key2D Diagram3D Interactions
0G6
Query on 0G6
Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
C [auth B]D-phenylalanyl-N-[(2S,3S)-6-{[amino(iminio)methyl]amino}-1-chloro-2-hydroxyhexan-3-yl]-L-prolinamide
C21 H34 Cl N6 O3
DVFLYEYCMMLBTQ-VSZNYVQBSA-O		 Ligand Interaction
NA
Query on NA
Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
D [auth B]SODIUM ION
Na
FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N		 Ligand Interaction
Biologically Interesting Molecules (External Reference) 1 Unique
Entity ID: 3
IDChainsNameType/Class2D Diagram3D Interactions
PRD_000020 (0G6)
Query on PRD_000020		C [auth B]D-Phe-Pro-Arg-CH2ClPeptide-like / Inhibitor Ligand Interaction
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.10 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.265 
  • R-Value Work: 0.199 
  • Space Group: P 21 21 21
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 53.1α = 90
b = 75.1β = 90
c = 81.4γ = 90
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
DENZOdata reduction
SCALEPACKdata scaling
AMoREphasing
X-PLORrefinement

Structure Validation

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Entry History 

Deposition Data

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 1999-03-07
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2008-04-26
    Changes: Version format compliance
  • Version 1.2: 2011-07-13
    Changes: Atomic model, Database references, Derived calculations, Non-polymer description, Structure summary, Version format compliance
  • Version 1.3: 2013-02-27
    Changes: Other