2KSL

Structure of the insecticidal toxin TaITX-1

Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: SOLUTION NMR
  • Conformers Calculated: 200 
  • Conformers Submitted: 25 
  • Selection Criteria: BEST MOLPROBITY SCORE 

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This is version 1.3 of the entry. See complete history. 


Literature

Weaponization of a Hormone: Convergent Recruitment of Hyperglycemic Hormone into the Venom of Arthropod Predators

Undheim, E.A., Grimm, L.L., Low, C.F., Morgenstern, D., Herzig, V., Zobel-Thropp, P., Pineda, S.S., Habib, R., Dziemborowicz, S., Fry, B.G., Nicholson, G.M., Binford, G.J., Mobli, M., King, G.F.

(2015) Structure 

  • DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2015.05.003
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    2MUN, 2KSL

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    • Arthropod venoms consist primarily of peptide toxins that are injected into their prey with devastating consequences. Venom proteins are thought to be recruited from endogenous body proteins and mutated to yield neofunctionalized toxins with remarkable affinity for specific subtypes of ion channels and receptors ...

    Arthropod venoms consist primarily of peptide toxins that are injected into their prey with devastating consequences. Venom proteins are thought to be recruited from endogenous body proteins and mutated to yield neofunctionalized toxins with remarkable affinity for specific subtypes of ion channels and receptors. However, the evolutionary history of venom peptides remains poorly understood. Here we show that a neuropeptide hormone has been convergently recruited into the venom of spiders and centipedes and evolved into a highly stable toxin through divergent modification of the ancestral gene. High-resolution structures of representative hormone-derived toxins revealed they possess a unique structure and disulfide framework and that the key structural adaptation in weaponization of the ancestral hormone was loss of a C-terminal α helix, an adaptation that occurred independently in spiders and centipedes. Our results raise a new paradigm for toxin evolution and highlight the value of structural information in providing insight into protein evolution.

    Organizational Affiliation: 

    Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia. Electronic address: glenn.king@imb.uq.edu.au.



Macromolecules
Find similar proteins by: 
(by identity cutoff)  |  Structure
Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChainsSequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
U1-agatoxin-Ta1aA51Eratigena agrestisMutation(s): 0 
Gene Names: ITX1
UniProt
Find proteins for O46166 (Eratigena agrestis)
Explore O46166 
Go to UniProtKB:  O46166
Protein Feature View
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  • Reference Sequence
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: SOLUTION NMR
  • Conformers Calculated: 200 
  • Conformers Submitted: 25 
  • Selection Criteria: BEST MOLPROBITY SCORE 
  • OLDERADO: 2KSL Olderado

Structure Validation

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View more in-depth experimental data

Entry History 

Deposition Data

  • Deposited Date: 2010-01-07 
  • Released Date: 2011-01-19 
    • Deposition Author(s): Mobli, M., King, G.F.

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 2011-01-19
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2011-07-13
    Changes: Version format compliance
  • Version 1.2: 2012-10-03
    Changes: Structure summary
  • Version 1.3: 2015-06-24
    Changes: Database references