Biological Assembly 1  

Global Symmetry: Asymmetric - C1 
Global Stoichiometry: Monomer - A1 

Biological assembly 1 assigned by authors.

Macromolecule Content

• Total Structure Weight: 37.03 kDa 
• Atom Count: 3,318 
• Modelled Residue Count: 316 
• Deposited Residue Count: 316 
• Unique protein chains: 1

 1X96

Crystal structure of Aldose Reductase with citrates bound in the active site

• PDB DOI: 10.2210/pdb1X96/pdb

• Classification: OXIDOREDUCTASE
• Organism(s): Homo sapiens
• Expression System: Escherichia coli BL21
• Mutation(s): No 


• Deposited: 2004-08-19 Released: 2004-09-07 
• Deposition Author(s): El-Kabbani, O., Darmanin, C., Oka, M., Schulze-Briese, C., Tomizaki, T., Hazemann, I., Mitschler, A., Podjarny, A.

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Experimental Data Snapshot

• Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
• Resolution: 1.40 Å
• R-Value Free: 0.201 
• R-Value Work: 0.161 
• R-Value Observed: 0.161 

Literature

High-Resolution Structures of Human Aldose Reductase Holoenzyme in Complex with Stereoisomers of the Potent Inhibitor Fidarestat: Stereospecific Interaction between the Enzyme and a Cyclic Imide Type Inhibitor

El-Kabbani, O., Darmanin, C., Oka, M., Schulze-Briese, C., Tomizaki, T., Hazemann, I., Mitschler, A., Podjarny, A.

(2004) J Med Chem 47: 4530-4537

• PubMed: 15317464 
• DOI: 10.1021/jm0497794
• Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
  1X96, 1X97, 1X98


• PubMed Abstract: 
  

Structure determinations of human aldose reductase holoenzyme in complex with the 2S4R-,2R4S- and 2R4R-isomers of the potent inhibitor Fidarestat ((2S,4S)-6-fluoro-2',5'-dioxospiro[chroman-4,4'-imidazoline]-2-carboxamide) were carried out in order to elucidate the binding modes responsible for the differences in their inhibitory potencies. In the complex structure with the 2R4S-isomer the cyclic imide moiety formed hydrogen bonds with the side-chains of Trp111, Tyr48 and His110. In the attempt to determine the complex structure with the least potent 2R4R-isomer this ligand was not observed, and instead, the active site was simultaneously occupied by two citrate molecules (occupancies of 60% and 40%). In the case of 2S4R, the active site was occupied by a citrate molecule which anchors the 2S4R-isomer from its carbamoyl group. The structures of the complexes suggest that the differences in the interactions between the cyclic imide rings and carbamoyl groups of the compounds with residues His110, Trp111, Trp219 and Cys298 account for differences in their inhibitory potencies.

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Organizational Affiliation: 

Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Victorian College of Pharmacy, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. [e-mail]

Macromolecules

Entity ID: 1
Molecule	Chains	Sequence Length	Organism	Details	Image
aldose reductase	A	316	Homo sapiens	Mutation(s): 0  Gene Names: AKR1B1, ALDR1, ALR2 EC: 1.1.1.21 (PDB Primary Data), 1.1.1.300 (UniProt), 1.1.1.372 (UniProt), 1.1.1.54 (UniProt)
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources
Find proteins for P15121 (Homo sapiens) Explore P15121  Go to UniProtKB:  P15121
PHAROS:  P15121

Small Molecules

Ligands 2 Unique
ID	Chains	Name / Formula / InChI Key	2D Diagram
NAP	B [auth A]	NADP NICOTINAMIDE-ADENINE-DINUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE C21 H28 N7 O17 P3 XJLXINKUBYWONI-NNYOXOHSSA-N
CIT	C [auth A], D [auth A]	CITRIC ACID C6 H8 O7 KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

• Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
• Resolution: 1.40 Å
• R-Value Free: 0.201 
• R-Value Work: 0.161 
• R-Value Observed: 0.161 
• Space Group: P 1 2₁ 1

Unit Cell:

Length ( Å )	Angle ( ˚ )
a = 49.403	α = 90
b = 66.782	β = 92.03
c = 47.318	γ = 90

Software Package:

Software Name	Purpose
HKL-2000	data collection
SCALEPACK	data scaling
X-PLOR	model building
SHELXL-97	refinement
HKL-2000	data reduction
X-PLOR	phasing

Structure Validation

Entry History 

Deposition Data

• Released Date: 2004-09-07 
Deposition Author(s): El-Kabbani, O., Darmanin, C., Oka, M., Schulze-Briese, C., Tomizaki, T., Hazemann, I., Mitschler, A., Podjarny, A.

Revision History  

• Version 1.0: 2004-09-07
  Type: Initial release
  
• Version 1.1: 2008-04-30
  Changes: Version format compliance
• Version 1.2: 2011-07-13
  Changes: Version format compliance