Factor Xa is a serine protease which activates thrombin (factor IIa) and plays a key regulatory role in the blood-coagulation cascade. Factor Xa is, therefore, an important target for the design of anti-thrombotics. Both factor Xa and thrombin share sequence and structural homology with trypsin ...
Factor Xa is a serine protease which activates thrombin (factor IIa) and plays a key regulatory role in the blood-coagulation cascade. Factor Xa is, therefore, an important target for the design of anti-thrombotics. Both factor Xa and thrombin share sequence and structural homology with trypsin. As part of a factor Xa inhibitor-design program, a number of factor Xa inhibitors were crystallographically studied complexed to bovine trypsin. The structures of one diaryl benzimidazole, one diaryl carbazole and three diaryloxypyridines are described. All five compounds bind to trypsin in an extended conformation, with an amidinoaryl group in the S1 pocket and a second basic/hydrophobic moiety bound in the S4 pocket. These binding modes all bear a resemblance to the reported binding mode of DX-9065a in bovine trypsin and human factor Xa.
Related Citations:
Crystal Structure Analysis and Refinement of Two Variants of Trigonal Trypsinogen Bode, W., Huber, R. (1978) FEBS Lett 90: 265
Design, Synthesis, and Activity of 2,6-Diphenoxypyridine-Derived Factor Xa Inhibitors Phillips, G., Davey, D., Eagen, K., Ng, H.P., Pinkerton, M., Koovakkat, S.K., Whitlow, M., Liang, A., Trinh, L., Morrissey, M.M. (1999) J Med Chem 42: 1749
Discovery of N-[2-[5-[Amino(Imino)Methyl]-2-Hydroxyphenoxy]-3,5- Difluoro-6-[3-(4,5-Dihydro-1-Methyl-1H-Imidazol-2-Yl)Phenoxy] Pyridin-4-Yl-N-Methylglycine (Zk-807834): A Potent, Selective and Orally Active Inhibitor of the Blood Coagulation Enzyme Factor Xa Phillips, G.B., Buckman, B.O., Davey, D.D., Eagen, K.A., Guilford, W.J., Hinchman, J., Ho, E., Koovakkat, S., Liang, A., Light, D.R., Mohan, R., Ng, H.P., Post, J., Smith, D., Subramanyam, B., Sullivan, M.E., Trinh, L., Vergona, R., Walters, J., White, K., Whitlow, M., Wu, S., Xu, W., Morrissey, M.M. (1998) J Med Chem 41: 3557
Crystal Structures of Factor Xa Specific Inhibitors in Complex with Trypsin: Structural Grounds for Inhibition of Factor Xa and Selectivity Against Thrombin Stubbs, M.T., Huber, R., Bode, W. (1995) FEBS Lett 375: 103
X-Ray Structure of Active Site-Inhibited Clotting Factor Xa. Implications for Drug Design and Substrate Recognition Brandstetter, H., Kuhne, A., Bode, W., Huber, R., Von Der Saal, W., Wirthensohn, K., Engh, R.A. (1996) J Biol Chem 271: 29988
Structure of Human Des(1-45) Factor Xa at 2.2 A Resolution Padmanabhan, K., Padmanabhan, K.P., Tulinsky, A., Park, C.H., Bode, W., Huber, R., Blankenship, D.T., Cardin, A.D., Kisiel, W. (1993) J Mol Biol 232: 947
Geometry of Binding of the Benzamidine-and Arginine-Based Inhibitors N Alpha-(2-Naphthyl-Sulphonyl-Glycyl)-Dl-P-Amidinophenylalanyl-Piperidine (Napap) and (2R,4R)-4-Methyl-1-[N Alpha-(3-Methyl-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-8-Quinolinesulphonyl)- L-Arginyl]-2-Piperidine to Carboxylic Acid (Mqpa) Human Alpha-Thrombin. X-Ray Crystallographic Determination of the Napap-Trypsin Complex and Modeling of Napap-Thrombin and Mqpa-Thrombin Bode, W., Turk, D., Sturzebecher, J. (1990) Eur J Biochem 193: 175
Crystal Structure of Bovine Beta-Trypsin at 1.5 A Resolution in a Crystal Form with Low Molecular Packing Density. Active Site Geometry, Ion Pairs and Solvent Structure Bartunik, H.D., Summers, L.J., Bartsch, H.H. (1989) J Mol Biol 210: 813
Organizational Affiliation:
Berlex Biosciences, 15049 San Pablo Avenue, PO Box 4099, Richmond, California 94804, USA. marc_whitlow@berlex.com
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