Primary Citation of Related Structures: 1KGE, 1KGF
PubMed Abstract:
Two site-directed mutant enzymes of the class A beta-lactamase from Staphylococcus aureus PC1 were produced with the goal of blocking the site that in the native enzyme is occupied by the proposed hydrolytic water molecule. The crystal structures of these two mutant enzymes, N170Q and N170M, have been determined and refined at 2 ...
Two site-directed mutant enzymes of the class A beta-lactamase from Staphylococcus aureus PC1 were produced with the goal of blocking the site that in the native enzyme is occupied by the proposed hydrolytic water molecule. The crystal structures of these two mutant enzymes, N170Q and N170M, have been determined and refined at 2.2 and 2.0 A, respectively. They reveal that the side chain of Gln 170 displaces the water molecule, whereas that of Met170 does not. In both cases, the catalytic rates with benzylpenicillin are reduced by 10(4) compared with the native enzyme. With nitrocefin, the N170Q mutant enzyme exhibits an approximately 800-fold reduced rate compared with the native enzyme and in addition, a fast initial burst with stoichiometry of 1 mol of degraded nitrocefin/mol of enzyme. Stopped-flow kinetic experiments establish that the rate constant of the burst is 250 s-1, a value comparable with the rate of acylation of the native enzyme. Two structurally based mechanisms that explain the kinetic properties of the N170Q beta-lactamase are proposed, both invoking a deacylation-impaired enzyme due to the elimination of the hydrolytic water molecule. The catalytic rate of the N170M mutant enzyme with nitrocefin is reduced by approximately 50-fold compared with the native enzyme, and the slow progressive inhibition that is revealed indicates that the hydrolysis proceeds via a branched pathway mechanism. This is consistent with the structural data that show that the water site is preserved and that Met170 occupies part of the space that is required for substrate binding. The short contacts between the substrate and the enzyme may lead to structure perturbation and inactivation.
Related Citations:
Structure and Kinetics of the Beta-Lactamase Mutants S70A and K73H from Staphylococcus Aureus Pc1 Chen, C.C., Smith, T.J., Kapadia, G., Wasch, S., Zawadzke, L.E., Coulson, A., Herzberg, O. (1996) Biochemistry 35: 12251
An Engineered Staphylococcus Aureus Pc1 Beta-Lactamase that Hydrolyses Third-Generation Cephalosporins Zawadzke, L.E., Smith, T.J., Herzberg, O. (1995) Protein Eng 8: 1275
Refined Crystal Structure of Beta-Lactamase from Staphylococcus Aureus Pc1 at 2.0 Herzberg, O. (1991) J Mol Biol 217: 701
Bacterial Resistance to Beta-Lactam Antibiotics: Crystal Structure of Beta-Lactamase from Staphylococcus Aureus Pc1 at 2.5 A Resolution Herzberg, O., Moult, J. (1987) Science 236: 694
Organizational Affiliation:
Center for Advanced Research in Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, Rockville 20850, USA.
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