1GNA

DETERMINATION OF THE SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF THE PEPTIDE HORMONE GUANYLIN: OBSERVATION OF A NOVEL FORM OF TOPOLOGICAL STEREOISOMERISM


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: SOLUTION NMR
  • Conformers Submitted: 20 

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This is version 1.4 of the entry. See complete history


Literature

Determination of the solution structure of the peptide hormone guanylin: observation of a novel form of topological stereoisomerism.

Skelton, N.J.Garcia, K.C.Goeddel, D.V.Quan, C.Burnier, J.P.

(1994) Biochemistry 33: 13581-13592

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00250a010
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    1GNA, 1GNB

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    Guanylin is a 15 amino acid mammalian hormone containing two disulfide bonds. Guanylin shares sequence similarity with the bacterial heat-stable enterotoxin (STa) and is capable of binding to and stimulating the STa guanylyl cyclase receptor. Biologically active peptides have been prepared by two methods: (1) enzymatic treatment of a 99 residue proprotein (denoted proguanylin) expressed in Escherichia coli and (2) solid-phase chemical synthesis. Although both sources yield material that is pure by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) indicates that peptides from both sources contain two conformationally distinct species present in a 1:1 ratio. The chemical shift differences between the two species are large, allowing unambiguous sequential NMR assignments to be made for both sets of resonances. Exchange between the two forms was not observed even at 70 degrees C. Structural restraints have been generated from nuclear Overhauser effects and scalar coupling constants and used to calculate structures for both forms using distance geometry and restrained energy minimization. The resulting structures for the first isoform are well defined (root-mean-square deviation from the average structure for backbone atoms of 0.47 A) and adopt a right-handed spiral conformation, similar to that observed for heat stable enterotoxin. The second isoform is less well defined (root-mean-square deviation from the average structure for backbone atoms of 1.07 A) but clearly adopts a very different fold consisting of a left-hand spiral. The differences in structure suggest that the two forms may have very different affinities toward the STa receptor. The observation of such isomerism has important implications for the common practice of introducing multiple disulfide bonds into small peptides to limit conformational flexibility and enhance bioactivity.


  • Organizational Affiliation

    Department of Protein Engineering, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080.


Macromolecules

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Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
GUANYLIN PRECURSOR13Homo sapiensMutation(s): 0 
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources
Find proteins for Q02747 (Homo sapiens)
Explore Q02747 
Go to UniProtKB:  Q02747
PHAROS:  Q02747
GTEx:  ENSG00000197273 
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupQ02747
Sequence Annotations
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  • Reference Sequence
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: SOLUTION NMR
  • Conformers Submitted: 20 

Structure Validation

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Entry History 

Deposition Data

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 1994-09-30
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2008-03-24
    Changes: Version format compliance
  • Version 1.2: 2011-07-13
    Changes: Version format compliance
  • Version 1.3: 2017-11-29
    Changes: Derived calculations, Other
  • Version 1.4: 2024-10-16
    Changes: Data collection, Database references, Structure summary