An NMR solution structure of a mutant of the homodimer protein transcription factor 1, TF1-G15/I32 (22 kDa), has been solved to atomic resolution, with 23 final structures that converge to an r.m. s.d. of 0.78 A. The overall shape of TF1-G15/I32 remains similar to that of the wild-type protein and other type II DNA-binding proteins ...
An NMR solution structure of a mutant of the homodimer protein transcription factor 1, TF1-G15/I32 (22 kDa), has been solved to atomic resolution, with 23 final structures that converge to an r.m. s.d. of 0.78 A. The overall shape of TF1-G15/I32 remains similar to that of the wild-type protein and other type II DNA-binding proteins. Each monomer has two N-terminal alpha-helices separated by a short loop, followed by a three-stranded beta-sheet, whose extension between the second and third beta-strands forms an antiparallel beta-ribbon arm, leading to a C-terminal third alpha-helix that is severely kinked in the middle. Close examination of the structure of TF1-G15/I32 reveals why it is more stable and binds DNA more tightly than does its wild-type counterpart. The dimeric core, consisting of the N-terminal helices and the beta-sheets, is more tightly packed, and this might be responsible for its increased thermal stability. The DNA-binding domain, composed of the top face of the beta-sheet, the beta-ribbon arms and the C-terminal helices, is little changed from wild-type TF1. Rather, the enhancement in DNA affinity must be due almost exclusively to the creation of an additional DNA-binding site at the side of the dimer by changes affecting helices 1 and 2: helix 2 of TF1-G15/I32 is one residue longer than helix 2 of the wild-type protein, bends inward, and is both translationally and rotationally displaced relative to helix 1. This rearrangement creates a longer, narrower fissure between the V-shaped N-terminal helices and exposes additional positively charged surface at each side of the dimer.
Related Citations:
Mechanisms for the Enhanced Thermal Stability of a Mutant of Transcription Factor 1 as Explained by 1H, 15N and 13C NMR Chemical Shifts and Secondary Structure Analysis. Vu, H.M., Liu, W., Grove, A., Geiduschek, E.P., Kearns, D.R. (2000) Biochim Biophys Acta 1478: 113
Structure of the Bacillus subtilis phage SPO1-encoded Type II DNA-binding Protein TF1 in Solution. Jia, X., Grove, A., Ivancic, M., Hsu, V.L., Geiduschek, E.P., Kearns, D.R. (1996) J Mol Biol 263: 259
Organizational Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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