Macromolecule Content

• Total Structure Weight: 5.76 kDa 
• Atom Count: 403 
• Modelled Residue Count: 51 
• Deposited Residue Count: 51 
• Unique protein chains: 2

1VKT

HUMAN INSULIN TWO DISULFIDE MODEL, NMR, 10 STRUCTURES

• DOI: 10.2210/pdb1VKT/pdb
• BMRB: 1760

• Classification: HORMONE
• Organism(s): Homo sapiens
• Mutation(s): Yes 


• Deposited: 1996-10-14 Released: 1997-04-01 
• Deposition Author(s): Hua, Q.X., Hu, S.Q., Frank, B.H., Jia, W.H., Chu, Y.C., Wang, S.H., Burke, G.T., Katsoyannis, P.G., Weiss, M.A.

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Experimental Data Snapshot

• Method: SOLUTION NMR
• Conformers Submitted: 10 

Literature

Mapping the functional surface of insulin by design: structure and function of a novel A-chain analogue.

Hua, Q.X., Hu, S.Q., Frank, B.H., Jia, W., Chu, Y.C., Wang, S.H., Burke, G.T., Katsoyannis, P.G., Weiss, M.A.

(1996) J Mol Biol 264: 390-403

• PubMed: 8951384 
• DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1996.0648
• Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
  2JMN, 1VKT


• PubMed Abstract: 
  

Functional surfaces of a protein are often mapped by combination of X-ray crystallography and mutagenesis. Such studies of insulin have yielded paradoxical results, suggesting that the native state is inactive and reorganizes on receptor binding. Of particular interest is the N-terminal alpha-helix of the A-chain. Does this segment function as an alpha-helix or reorganize as recently proposed in a prohormone-convertase complex? To correlate structure and function, we describe a mapping strategy based on protein design. The solution structure of an engineered monomer ([AspB10, LysB28, ProB29]-human insulin) is determined at neutral pH as a template for synthesis of a novel A-chain analogue. Designed by analogy to a protein-folding intermediate, the analogue lacks the A6-A11 disulphide bridge; the cysteine residues are replaced by serine. Its solution structure is remarkable for segmental unfolding of the N-terminal A-chain alpha-helix (A1 to A8) in an otherwise native subdomain. The structure demonstrates that the overall orientation of the A and B chains is consistent with reorganization of the A-chain's N-terminal segment. Nevertheless, the analogue's low biological activity suggests that this segment, a site of clinical mutation causing diabetes mellitus, functions as a preformed recognition alpha-helix.

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Organizational Affiliation: 

Center for Molecular Oncology, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA.

Macromolecules

Entity ID: 1
Molecule	Chains	Sequence Length	Organism	Details	Image
INSULIN	A	21	Homo sapiens	Mutation(s): 2  Gene Names: INS
Find proteins for P01308 (Homo sapiens) Explore P01308  Go to UniProtKB:  P01308
NIH Common Fund Data Resources
PHAROS:  P01308

Entity ID: 2
Molecule	Chains	Sequence Length	Organism	Details	Image
INSULIN	B	30	Homo sapiens	Mutation(s): 3  Gene Names: INS
Find proteins for P01308 (Homo sapiens) Explore P01308  Go to UniProtKB:  P01308
NIH Common Fund Data Resources
PHAROS:  P01308

Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

• Method: SOLUTION NMR
• Conformers Submitted: 10 
• OLDERADO: 1VKT Olderado

Structure Validation

Entry History 

Deposition Data

• Deposited Date: 1996-10-14 
• Released Date: 1997-04-01 
Deposition Author(s): Hua, Q.X., Hu, S.Q., Frank, B.H., Jia, W.H., Chu, Y.C., Wang, S.H., Burke, G.T., Katsoyannis, P.G., Weiss, M.A.

Revision History  

• Version 1.0: 1997-04-01
  Type: Initial release
  
• Version 1.1: 2008-03-24
  Changes: Version format compliance
• Version 1.2: 2011-07-13
  Changes: Version format compliance