Design of non-nucleoside inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase with improved drug resistance properties. 1.
Hopkins, A.L., Ren, J., Milton, J., Hazen, R.J., Chan, J.H., Stuart, D.I., Stammers, D.K.(2004) J Med Chem 47: 5912-5922
- PubMed: 15537346 Search on PubMed
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/jm040071z
- Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
1TKT, 1TKZ, 1TL1, 1TL3 - PubMed Abstract: 
- Design of Non-Nucleoside Inhibitors of HIV-1 Revers Transcriptase with Improved Drug Resistance Propert Part II.
Freeman, G.A., Andrews III, C.W., Hopkins, A.L., Lowell, G.S., Schaller, L.T., Cowan, J.L., Gonzales, S.S., Koszalka, G.W., Hazen, R.J., Boone, L.R., Ferris, R.G., Creech, K.L., Short, G.B., A., Rober S., Weaver, K., Reynolds, D.J., Milton, J., Ren, J., Stuart, D.I., Stammers, D.K., Chan, J.H.
() To be published --: -- - Crystal Structures of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptases at Codons 100, 106 and 108 and Mechanisms of Resist Non-Nucleoside Inhibitors
Ren, J., Nichols, C.E., Chamberlain, P.P., Weaver, K.L., Short, S.A., Stammers, D.K.
(2004) J Mol Biol 336: 569 - Crystal structures of Zidovudine- or Lamivudine-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptases containing mutations at codons 41, 184, and 215
Chamberlain, P.P., Ren, J., Nichols, C.E., Douglas, L., Lennerstrand, J., Larder, B.A., Stuart, D.I., Stammers, D.K.
(2002) J Virol 76: 10015 - Structural Mechanisms of Drug Resistance for Mutations at Codons 181 and 188 in HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase and the Improved Resilience of Second Generation Non-Nucleoside Inhibitors
Ren, J., Nichols, C., Bird, L., Chamberlain, P., Weaver, K.L., Short, S.A., Stuart, D.I., Stammers, D.K.
(2001) J Mol Biol 312: 795 - 2-Amino-6-Arylsulfonylbenzonitriles as Non-Nucleosi Transcriptase Inhibitors of HIV-1
Chan, J.H., Hong, J.S., Hunter III, R.N., Orr, G.F., Cowan, J.R., Sherman, D.B., Sparks, S.M., Reitter, B.E., Hazen, C.W., Andrews III, R.J., St Clair, M., Boone, L.R., Ferris, R.G., Roberts, K.L., Cree, G.B., Short, S.A., Weaver, K., Ott, R.J., Ren, J., Hopkins, A., Stuart, D.I., Stammers, D.K.
(2001) J Med Chem 44: 1866 - Structural Basis for the Resilience of Efavirenz (Dmp-266) to Drug Resistant Mutations in HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase
Ren, J., Milton, J., Weaver, K.L., Short, S.A., Stuart, D.I., Stammers, D.K.
(2000) Structure 8: 1089 - Binding of the Second Generattion Non-Nucleoside Inhibitor S-1153 to HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Involves Extensive Main Chain Hydrogen Bonding
Ren, J., Nichols, C., Bird, L.E., Fujiwara, T., Suginoto, H., Stuart, D.I., Stammers, D.K.
(2000) J Biol Chem 275: 14316 - Phenethylthiazolylthiourea (Pett) Non-Nucleoside Inhibitors of HIV-1 and HIV-2 Reverse Transcriptases: Structural and Biochemical Analyses
Ren, J., Diprose, J., Warren, J., Esnouf, R.M., Bird, L.E., Ikemizu, S., Slater, M., Milton, J., Balzarini, J., Stuart, D.I., Stammers, D.K.
(2000) J Biol Chem 275: 5633 - Crystallographic Analysis of the Binding Modes of Non-Nucleoside Thiazoloisoindolinone Inhibitors to HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase and Comparison with Modeling Studies
Ren, J., Esnouf, R.M., Hopkins, A.L., Stuart, D.I., Stammers, D.K.
(1999) J Med Chem 42: 3845 - Design of Mkc-442 (Emivirine) Analogues with Improved Activity Against Drug-Resistant HIV Mutants
Hopkins, A.L., Ren, J., Tanaka, H., Baba, M., Okamato, M., Stuart, D.I., Stammers, D.K.
(1999) J Med Chem 42: 4500 - Crystal Structures of Reverse Transcriptase in Complex with Carboxanilide Derivatives
Ren, J., Esnouf, R.M., Hopkins, A.L., Warren, J., Balzarini, J., Stuart, D.I., Stammers, D.K.
(1998) Biochemistry 37: 14394 - 3'-Azido-3'-Deoxythymidine Drug Resistance Mutations in HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Can Induce Long Range Conformational Changes
Ren, J., Esnouf, R.M., Hopkins, A.L., Jones, E.Y., Kirby, I., Keeling, J., Ross, C.K., Larder, B.A., Stuart, D.I., Stammers, D.K.
(1998) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95: 9518 - Continuous and Discontinuous Changes in the Unit Cell of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Crystals on Dehydration
Esnouf, R.M., Ren, J., Garman, E., Somers, D.O., Ross, C.K., Jones, E.Y., Stammers, D.K., Stuart, D.I.
(1998) Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 54: 938 - Unique Features in the Structure of the Complex between HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase and the Bis(Heteroaryl)Piperazine (Bhap) U-90152 Explain Resistance Mutations for This Non-Nucleoside Inhibitor
Esnouf, R.M., Ren, J., Hopkins, A.L., Ross, C.K., Jones, E.Y., Stammers, D.K., Stuart, D.I.
(1997) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94: 3984 - Complexes of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase with Inhibitors of the HEPT Series Reveal Conformational Changes Relevant to the Design of Potent Non-Nucleoside Inhibitors
L Hopkins, A., Ren, J., Esnouf, R.M., Willcox, B.E., Jones, E.Y., Ross, C.K., Miyasaka, T., Walker, R.T., Tanaka, H., Stammers, D.K., Stuart, D.I.
(1996) J Med Chem 39: 1589 - The Structure of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Complexed with 9-Chloro-TIBO: Lessons for Inhibitor Design
Ren, J., Esnouf, R.M., Hopkins, A.L., Ross, C.K., Jones, E.Y., Stammers, D.K., Stuart, D.I.
(1995) Structure 3: 915 - High Resolution Structures of HIV-1 RT from Four RT-Inhibitor Complexes
Ren, J., Esnouf, R.M., Garman, E., Somers, D.O., Ross, C.K., Kirby, I., Keeling, J., Darby, G., Jones, E.Y., Stuart, D.I., Stammers, D.K.
(1995) Nat Struct Biol 2: 293 - Mechanism of Inhibition of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase by Non-Nucleoside Inhibitors
Esnouf, R.M., Ren, J., Ross, C.K., Jones, E.Y., Stammers, D.K., Stuart, D.I.
(1995) Nat Struct Biol 2: 303 - Crystals of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Diffracting to 2.2 Angstrom Resolution
Stammers, D.K., Somers, D.O., Ross, C.K., Kirby, I., Ray, P.H., Wilson, J.E., Norman, M., Ren, J., Esnouf, R.M., Garman, E., Jones, E.Y., Stuart, D.I.
(1994) J Mol Biol 242: 586
We have used a structure-based approach to design a novel series of non-nucleoside inhibitors of HIV-1 RT (NNRTIs). Detailed analysis of a wide range of crystal structures of HIV-1 RT-NNRTI complexes together with data on drug resistance mutations has identified factors important for tight binding of inhibitors and resilience to mutations ...
We have used a structure-based approach to design a novel series of non-nucleoside inhibitors of HIV-1 RT (NNRTIs). Detailed analysis of a wide range of crystal structures of HIV-1 RT-NNRTI complexes together with data on drug resistance mutations has identified factors important for tight binding of inhibitors and resilience to mutations. Using this approach we have designed and synthesized a novel series of quinolone NNRTIs. Crystal structure analysis of four of these compounds in complexes with HIV-1 RT confirms the predicted binding modes. Members of this quinolone series retain high activity against the important resistance mutations in RT at Tyr181Cys and Leu100Ile.
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Organizational Affiliation: 
Division of Structural Biology, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.