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Chan, J.H., Hong, J.S., Hunter III, R.N., Orr, G.F., Cowan, J.R., Sherman, D.B., Sparks, S.M., Reitter, B.E., Andrews III., C.W., Hazen, R.J., St Clair, M., Boone, L.R., Ferris, R.G., Creech, K.L., Roberts, G.B., Short, S.A., Weaver, K., Ott, R.J., Ren, J., Hopkins, A., Stuart, D.I., Stammers, D.K.(2001) J.Med.Chem. 44: 1866-1882
- PubMed: 11384233 Search on PubMed
- PubMed Abstract:
- 3'-Azido-3'-Deoxythymidine Drug Resistance Mutations in HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Can Induce Long Range Conformational Changes
Ren, J.,Esnouf, R.M.,Hopkins, A.L.,Jones, E.Y.,Kirby, I.,Keeling, J.,Ross, C.K.,Larder, B.A.,Stuart, D.I.,Stammers, D.K.
(1998) Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 95: 9518 - Phenethylthiazolylthiourea (Pett) Non-Nucleoside Inhibitors of HIV-1 and HIV-2 Reverse Transcriptases: Structural and Biochemical Analyses
Ren, J.,Diprose, J.,Warren, J.,Esnouf, R.M.,Bird, L.E.,Ikemizu, S.,Slater, M.,Milton, J.,Balzarini, J.,Stuart, D.I.,Stammers, D.K.
(2000) J.Biol.Chem. 275: 5633 - Continuous and Discontinuous Changes in the Unit Cell of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Crystals on Dehydration
Esnouf, R.M.,Ren, J.,Garman, E.,Somers, D.O.,Ross, C.K.,Jones, E.Y.,Stammers, D.K.,Stuart, D.I.
(1998) Acta Crystallogr.,Sect.D 54: 938 - Crystallographic Analysis of the Binding Modes of Non-Nucleoside Thiazoloisoindolinone Inhibitors to HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase and Comparison with Modeling Studies
Ren, J.,Esnouf, R.M.,Hopkins, A.L.,Stuart, D.I.,Stammers, D.K.
(1999) J.Med.Chem. 42: 3845 - Design of Mkc-442 (Emivirine) Analogues with Improved Activity Against Drug-Resistant HIV Mutants
Hopkins, A.L.,Ren, J.,Tanaka, H.,Baba, M.,Okamato, M.,Stuart, D.I.,Stammers, D.K.
(1999) J.Med.Chem. 42: 4500 - Binding of the Second Generattion Non-Nucleoside Inhibitor S-1153 to HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Involves Extensive Main Chain Hydrogen Bonding
Ren, J.,Nichols, C.,Bird, L.E.,Fujiwara, T.,Suginoto, H.,Stuart, D.I.,Stammers, D.K.
(2000) J.Biol.Chem. 275: 14316 - Crystals of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Diffracting to 2.2 Angstrom Resolution
Stammers, D.K.,Somers, D.O.,Ross, C.K.,Kirby, I.,Ray, P.H.,Wilson, J.E.,Norman, M.,Ren, J.,Esnouf, R.M.,Garman, E.,Jones, E.Y.,Stuart, D.I.
(1994) J.Mol.Biol. 242: 586 - Crystal Structures of Reverse Transcriptase in Complex with Carboxanilide Derivatives
Ren, J.,Esnouf, R.M.,Hopkins, A.L.,Warren, J.,Balzarini, J.,Stuart, D.I.,Stammers, D.K.
(1998) Biochemistry 37: 14394 - Mechanism of Inhibition of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase by Non-Nucleoside Inhibitors
Esnouf, R.M.,Ren, J.,Ross, C.K.,Jones, E.Y.,Stammers, D.K.,Stuart, D.I.
(1995) Nat.Struct.Mol.Biol. 2: 303 - High Resolution Structures of HIV-1 RT from Four RT-Inhibitor Complexes
Ren, J.,Esnouf, R.M.,Garman, E.,Somers, D.O.,Ross, C.K.,Kirby, I.,Keeling, J.,Darby, G.,Jones, E.Y.,Stuart, D.I.,Stammers, D.K.
(1995) Nat.Struct.Mol.Biol. 2: 293 - Unique Features in the Structure of the Complex between HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase and the Bis(Heteroaryl)Piperazine (Bhap) U-90152 Explain Resistance Mutations for This Non-Nucleoside Inhibitor
Esnouf, R.M.,Ren, J.,Hopkins, A.L.,Ross, C.K.,Jones, E.Y.,Stammers, D.K.,Stuart, D.I.
(1997) Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 94: 3984 - Structural Mechanisms of Drug Resistance for Mutations at Codons 181 and 188 in HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase and the Improved Resilience of Second Generation Non-Nucleoside Inhibitors
Ren, J.,Nichols, C.,Bird, L.,Chamberlain, P.,Weaver, K.L.,Short, S.A.,Stuart, D.I.,Stammers, D.K.
() TO BE PUBLISHED --: -- - Structural Basis for the Resilience of Efavirenz (Dmp-266) to Drug Resistant Mutations in HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase
Ren, J.,Milton, J.,Weaver, K.L.,Short, S.A.,Stuart, D.I.,Stammers, D.K.
(2000) Structure 8: 1089 - Complexes of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase with Inhibitors of the HEPT Series Reveal Conformational Changes Relevant to the Design of Potent Non-Nucleoside Inhibitors
L Hopkins, A.,Ren, J.,Esnouf, R.M.,Willcox, B.E.,Jones, E.Y.,Ross, C.K.,Miyasaka, T.,Walker, R.T.,Tanaka, H.,Stammers, D.K.,Stuart, D.I.
(1996) J.Med.Chem. 39: 1589 - The Structure of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Complexed with 9-Chloro-TIBO: Lessons for Inhibitor Design
Ren, J.,Esnouf, R.M.,Hopkins, A.L.,Ross, C.K.,Jones, E.Y.,Stammers, D.K.,Stuart, D.I.
(1995) Structure 3: 915
A series of 2-amino-5-arylthiobenzonitriles (1) was found to be active against HIV-1. Structural modifications led to the sulfoxides (2) and sulfones (3). The sulfoxides generally showed antiviral activity against HIV-1 similar to that of 1. The sulf ...
A series of 2-amino-5-arylthiobenzonitriles (1) was found to be active against HIV-1. Structural modifications led to the sulfoxides (2) and sulfones (3). The sulfoxides generally showed antiviral activity against HIV-1 similar to that of 1. The sulfones, however, were the most potent series of analogues, a number having activity against HIV-1 in the nanomolar range. Structural-activity relationship (SAR) studies suggested that a meta substituent, particularly a meta methyl substituent, invariably increased antiviral activities. However, optimal antiviral activities were manifested by compounds where both meta groups in the arylsulfonyl moiety were substituted and one of the substituents was a methyl group. Such a disubstitution led to compounds 3v, 3w, 3x, and 3y having IC50 values against HIV-1 in the low nanomolar range. When gauged for their broad-spectrum antiviral activity against key non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) related mutants, all the di-meta-substituted sulfones 3u-z and the 2-naphthyl analogue 3ee generally showed single-digit nanomolar activity against the V106A and P236L strains and submicromolar to low nanomolar activity against strains E138K, V108I, and Y188C. However, they showed a lack of activity against the K103N and Y181C mutant viruses. The elucidation of the X-ray crystal structure of the complex of 3v (739W94) in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase showed an overlap in the binding domain when compared with the complex of nevirapine in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. The X-ray structure allowed for the rationalization of SAR data and potencies of the compounds against the mutants.
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Organizational Affiliation:
Glaxo Wellcome, Inc., 5 Moore Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA. jc25572@glaxowellcome.com
