Primary Citation of Related Structures: 1C1B, 1C1C
PubMed Abstract:
Two analogues of the nonnucleoside inhibitor of HIV-1 RT, MKC-442 (emivirine), containing different C6 substituents have been designed to be less susceptible to the commonly found drug-resistance mutation of Tyr181Cys. Compound TNK-6123 had a C6 thiocyclohexyl group designed to have more flexibility in adapting to the mutated drug-binding site ...
Two analogues of the nonnucleoside inhibitor of HIV-1 RT, MKC-442 (emivirine), containing different C6 substituents have been designed to be less susceptible to the commonly found drug-resistance mutation of Tyr181Cys. Compound TNK-6123 had a C6 thiocyclohexyl group designed to have more flexibility in adapting to the mutated drug-binding site. GCA-186 had additional 3',5'-dimethyl substituents aimed at forming close contacts with the conserved residue Trp229. Both compounds showed approximately 30-fold greater inhibitory effect than MKC-442 to the Tyr181Cys mutant virus as well as to the clinically important Lys103Asn virus. X-ray crystallographic structure determination of complexes with HIV-1 RT confirmed the predicted binding modes. These strategies might be used to improve the resilience of other NNRTI series against common drug-resistance mutations.
Related Citations:
Crystallographic Analysis of the Binding Modes of Thiazoloisoindolinone Non-nucleoside Inhibitors to HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase and Comparison with Modelling Studies Ren, J., Esnouf, R.M., Hopkins, A.L., Stuart, D.I., Stammers, D.K. (1999) J Med Chem 42: 3845
Crystal structures of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase in complex with carboxanilide derivatives Ren, J., Esnouf, R.M., Hopkins, A.L., Warren, J., Balzarini, J., Stuart, D.I. (1998) Biochemistry 37: 14394
3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine drug resistance mutations in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase can induce long range conformational changes Ren, J., Esnouf, R.M., Hopkins, A.L., Jones, E.Y., Kirby, I., Keeling, J., Ross, C.K., Larder, B.A., Stuart, D.I., Stammers, D.K. (1998) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95: 9518
Continuous and discontinuous changes in the unit cell of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase crystals on dehydration Esnouf, R.M., Ren, J., Garman, E., Somers, D.O., Ross, C.K., Jones, E.Y., Stammers, D.K., Stuart, D.I. (1998) Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 54: 938
Unique features in the structure of the complex between HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and the bis(heteroaryl)piperazine (BHAP) U-90152 explain resistance mutations for this non-nucleoside inhibitor Esnouf, R.M., Ren, J., Hopkins, A.L., Ross, C.K., Jones, E.Y., Stammers, D.K., Stuart, D.I. (1997) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94: 3984
Complexes of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase with inhibitors of the HEPT series reveal conformational changes relevant to the design of potent non-nucleoside inhibitors Hopkins, A.L., Ren, J., Esnouf, R.M., Willcox, B.E., Jones, E.Y., Ross, C.K., Miyasaka, T., Walker, R.T., Tanaka, H., Stammers, D.K., Stuart, D.I. (1996) J Med Chem 39: 1589
The structure of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase complexed with 9-chloro-TIBO: lessons for inhibitor design Ren, J., Esnouf, R.M., Hopkins, A.L., Ross, C.K., Jones, E.Y., Stammers, D.K., Stuart, D.I. (1995) Structure 3: 915
High Resolution Structures of HIV-1 RT From Four RT-inhibitor Complexes Ren, J., Esnouf, R.M., Garman, E., Somers, D.O., Ross, C.K., Kirby, I., Keeling, J., Darby, G., Jones, E.Y., Stuart, D.I., Stammers, D.K. (1995) Nat Struct Biol 2: 293
Mechanism of Inhibition of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase by Non-nucleoside Inhibitors Esnouf, R.M., Ren, J., Ross, C.K., Jones, E.Y., Stammers, D.K., Stuart, D.I. (1995) Nat Struct Biol 2: 303
Crystals of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Diffracting to 2.2 Angstrom Resolution Stammers, D.K., Somers, D.O., Ross, C.K., Kirby, I., Ray, P.H., Wilson, J.E., Norman, M., Ren, J., Esnouf, R.M., Garman, E., Jones, E.Y., Stuart, D.I. (1994) J Mol Biol 242: 586
Organizational Affiliation:
Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Rex Richards Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K.
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