3TCM

Crystal Structure of Alanine Aminotransferase from Hordeum vulgare


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.71 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.279 
  • R-Value Work: 0.215 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.218 

Starting Model: experimental
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Ligand Structure Quality Assessment 


This is version 1.3 of the entry. See complete history


Literature

The Enzymology of alanine aminotransferase (AlaAT) isoforms from Hordeum vulgare and other organisms, and the HvAlaAT crystal structure.

Duff, S.M.Rydel, T.J.McClerren, A.L.Zhang, W.Li, J.Y.Sturman, E.J.Halls, C.Chen, S.Zeng, J.Peng, J.Kretzler, C.N.Evdokimov, A.

(2012) Arch Biochem Biophys 528: 90-101

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2012.06.006
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    3TCM

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    In this paper we describe the expression, purification, kinetics and biophysical characterization of alanine aminotransferase (AlaAT) from the barley plant (Hordeum vulgare). This dimeric PLP-dependent enzyme is a pivotal element of several key metabolic pathways from nitrogen assimilation to carbon metabolism, and its introduction into transgenic plants results in increased yield. The enzyme exhibits a bi-bi ping-pong reaction mechanism with a K(m) for alanine, 2-oxoglutarate, glutamate and pyruvate of 3.8, 0.3, 0.8 and 0.2 mM, respectively. Barley AlaAT catalyzes the forward (alanine-forming) reaction with a k(cat) of 25.6 s(-1), the reverse (glutamate-forming) reaction with k(cat) of 12.1 s(-1) and an equilibrium constant of ~0.5. The enzyme is also able to utilize aspartate and oxaloacetate with ~10% efficiency as compared to the native substrates, which makes it much more specific than related bacterial/archaeal enzymes (that also have lower K(m) values). We have crystallized barley AlaAT in complex with PLP and l-cycloserine and solved the structure of this complex at 2.7 Å resolution. This is the first example of a plant AlaAT structure, and it reveals a canonical aminotransferase fold similar to structures of the Thermotoga maritima, Pyrococcus furiosus, and human enzymes. This structure bridges our structural understanding of AlaAT mechanism between three kingdoms of life and allows us to shed some light on the specifics of the catalysis performed by these proteins.


  • Organizational Affiliation

    Monsanto Company, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, MO 63017, USA. Stephen.m.duff@monsanto.com


Macromolecules
Find similar proteins by:  (by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
Alanine aminotransferase 2
A, B
500Hordeum vulgareMutation(s): 1 
EC: 2.6.1.2
UniProt
Find proteins for P52894 (Hordeum vulgare)
Explore P52894 
Go to UniProtKB:  P52894
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupP52894
Sequence Annotations
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  • Reference Sequence
Small Molecules
Ligands 1 Unique
IDChains Name / Formula / InChI Key2D Diagram3D Interactions
DCS
Query on DCS

Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
C [auth A],
D [auth B]
D-[3-HYDROXY-2-METHYL-5-PHOSPHONOOXYMETHYL-PYRIDIN-4-YLMETHYL]-N,O-CYCLOSERYLAMIDE
C11 H16 N3 O7 P
NNRZSZJOQKAGTO-SECBINFHSA-N
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.71 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.279 
  • R-Value Work: 0.215 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.218 
  • Space Group: P 21 21 2
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 119.859α = 90
b = 126.973β = 90
c = 75.663γ = 90
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
MAR345data collection
PHASERphasing
REFMACrefinement
HKL-2000data reduction
HKL-2000data scaling

Structure Validation

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Ligand Structure Quality Assessment 


Entry History 

Deposition Data

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 2012-07-18
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2012-11-14
    Changes: Database references
  • Version 1.2: 2017-11-08
    Changes: Refinement description
  • Version 1.3: 2023-09-13
    Changes: Data collection, Database references, Derived calculations, Refinement description