ALE

L-EPINEPHRINE

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is present as a standalone ligand in 6 entries

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Chemical Component Summary
Name	L-EPINEPHRINE
Synonyms	ADRENALINE
Identifiers	4-[(1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-oxidanyl-ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol
Formula	C₉ H₁₃ N O₃
Molecular Weight	183.204
Type	NON-POLYMER
Isomeric SMILES	CNC[C@@H](c1ccc(c(c1)O)O)O
InChI	InChI=1S/C9H13NO3/c1-10-5-9(13)6-2-3-7(11)8(12)4-6/h2-4,9-13H,5H2,1H3/t9-/m0/s1
InChIKey	UCTWMZQNUQWSLP-VIFPVBQESA-N

Chemical Details
Formal Charge	0
Atom Count	26
Chiral Atom Count	1
Bond Count	26
Aromatic Bond Count	6

Drug Info: DrugBank

DrugBank ID	DB00668
Name	Epinephrine
Groups	approved vet_approved
Description	Epinephrine, also known as _adrenaline_, is a hormone and neurotransmitter and produced by the adrenal glands that can also be used as a drug due to its various important functions. Though it has long been used in the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions, epinephrine in the auto-injector form (EpiPen) has been available since 1987 in the USA. Many new products/biosimilars and dosage routes have been approved under various names over the last several decades [L4355], [L4356], [L4358]. On August 16, 2018, Teva Pharmaceuticals USA gained approval to market its generic epinephrine auto-injector in 0.3 mg and 0.15 mg strengths [L4353]. Dosage delivery routes for epinephrine include intravenous, inhalation, nebulization, intramuscular injection, and subcutaneous injection. In general, the most common uses of parenteral epinephrine are to relieve respiratory distress due to bronchospasm, to provide rapid relief of hypersensitivity (anaphylactic or anaphylactoid) reactions to drugs, animal serums and other allergens, and to prolong the action of infiltration anesthetics [F2136]. In addition to the above functions, epinephrine is the primary drug administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to reverse cardiac arrest [A37697], [A37699]. It can be used in severe cases of croup [L4824].
Synonyms	Adrénaline (−)-adrenaline (R)-(−)-adrenaline (−)-(R)-epinephrine Epinefrina Epinephrin Epinefrin Epinephrinum 4-[(1R)-1-Hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]-1,2-benzenediol Adrenaline (−)-3,4-dihydroxy-α-((methylamino)methyl)benzyl alcohol (R)-(-)-Epirenamine L-Adrenaline Epinephrine bitartrate Epinephrine Levoepinephrine (R)-(-)-Adrenaline (R)-(-)-Epinephrine Epinephrine acetate (R)-(-)-Adnephrine Epinephrine hydrochloride
Brand Names	Emerade Epinephrine Injection USP 1 mg/ml Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Injection EPY II Kit Octocaine 100 Certa Dose Epinephrine Convenience Kit Epinephrine Chloride Solution Taro-epinephrine Auto-injector Orabloc 1:100,000 Epinephrine Convenience Kit E-pilo 1 Ophthalmic Solution Epi E-Z Pen - Liquid - 0.3mg/0.3ml Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100 000 Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:50,000 Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:100000 Bupivacaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine Ultracaine DS Inj The Solution E-pilo-1 Oph Soln Septanest Sp Spinal Anaesthesia Tray Marcaine E Adrenalin Bronkaid Mistometer Aem 0.5% Lixtraxen 1% Zone 2 Dysne Inhal E-pilo 6 Ophthalmic Solution Xylocaine with epinephrine Crown-pak Max 4-ply Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine HCl 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000 EpiPen E-pilo-2 Oph Soln Lignospan Forte Prilocaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPI Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Anapen Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 1 Adyphren Kit Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 00 Ana-kit (2mg/tab Orl, 1mg/ml Liq Sc Im) Auvi-Q Anakit Insect Sting Treatment Kit Adyphren II Kit Bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine Gingi-pak Pellets Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Test Dose Articadent Spinal Anesthesia Tray CLIN-LIDO-Single Use Kit Ultacan Leep RediKit Lignospan Speciale Inj QKit Procedure Tray Marcaine 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Liq Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine EpiPen Jr Orabloc Ultracaine D-S Injection 4% Citanest Forte Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 Epinephrine 1:1000 Inj 1mg/ml USP Posicaine N Epinephrine Professional EMS Prime Asthma Relief Bupivacaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Twinject 0.3mg Auto-injector Epinephrine Professional Blue Gel Anesthetic Anapen Junior Sensorcaine Forte Twinject Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:100000 EpinephrineSnap-EMS Xylocaine Mpf 1.5% With Epinephrine Adrenalin (epinephrine) Gingi-pak Cotton Coil Xylocaine 2% With Epinephrine 1:200000 Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Test Dose Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Numbing Hemorrhoidal Label SENSORCAINE MPF with Epinephrine Septanest N E-pilo-6 Oph Soln Epinephrine Injection USP Ana-kit Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Epipen Jr Citanest Forte Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Zorcaine Marcaine E Liq Prt 0.50% Octocaine 100 Needleject Inj Lignospan Standard Medihaler-Epi Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:100000 Adrenaclick Articaine Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Xylocaine(r) -mpf (lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine) Ephinephrine LIDOCAINE HCl and EPINEPHRINE Adrenaclick 0.15mg Auto-injector Allerject Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 3 Marcaine with Epinephrine Numquick Topical Analgesic Adrenaclick 0.30mg Auto-injector E-pilo-4 Oph Soln Epinephrine Inj 0.1mg/ml USP Minnerva II Sensorcaine Articaine HCl and Epinephrine Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine Hydrochloride 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000 Epinephrine Injection Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 2 Sensorcaine Mpf Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 2 Primatene Mist Refill Ultracaine D-S Forte Injection E-pilo 2 Ophthalmic Solution Septocaine and Epinephrine LIDOCAINE HCl Adyphren Amp II Kit D-Care 100X Marcaine Octocaine 50 Sensorcaine(r) (bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine) Gingi-pak Max 2-ply Lidocaine 2% Lidocaine and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Injection USP 4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine Forte 1:100,000 (0.01mg/ml) Twinject 0.15mg Auto-injector Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine With Epinephrine Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:50000 Xylocaine-mpf With Epi Epipen Ultacan Forte Marcaine With Epinephrine Vivacaine 4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 (0.005mg/ml) Gingi Pak Cord No 1 Posicaine Sp LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPINEPHRINE Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50 000 Scandonest 2% Special Inj Septocaine Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Prilocaine HCl 4% Epineph 1:200000inj Symjepi Vasocaine EPIsnap Epinephrine Convenience Kit Adrenalin Topical Solution Citanest Forte DENTAL Taroclick Epinephrine Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection USP Epinephrinesnap-V E-pilo 4 Ophthalmic Solution Orabloc 1:200,000 Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:100,000 Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Sensorcaine With Epinephrine Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 3 Dentsply 4% Prilocaine and Epinephrine Injection 1:200,000 Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:100000 Bupivacaine HCl 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Injection Adyphren Amp Kit EpinephrineSnap-V Lidosite Lidocaine and Epinephrine Inj.usp 2% 1:100000 Xylocaine MPF Orostat 8% Taroclick Epinephrine Junior Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000 Epinephrine Lidocaine Hci Numquick Analgesic Adrenalin(r) EPY Kit Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine Marcaine E 0.25% Liq Prt Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 1 The Solution Anorectal Spray Temporary Pain Relief Xylocaine Ultracaine DS Forte Inj Primatene Mist Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Indication	Epinephrine injection is indicated in the emergency treatment of type I allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. It is also used to increase mean arterial blood pressure in adult patients with hypotension associated with septic shock.[L41260] Epinephrine's cardiac effects may be of use in restoring cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest due to various causes but is not used in cardiac failure or in hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiogenic shock [F1247]. Epinephrine is used as a hemostatic agent. It is also used in treating mucosal congestion of hay fever, rhinitis, and acute sinusitis; to relieve bronchial asthmatic paroxysms; in syncope due to complete heart block or carotid sinus hypersensitivity; for symptomatic relief of serum sickness, urticaria, angioneurotic edema; for resuscitation in cardiac arrest following anesthetic accidents; in simple (open angle) glaucoma; for relaxation of uterine musculature and to inhibit uterine contractions. Epinephrine injection can be utilized to prolong the action of local anesthetics [F1247]. In addition to the above, epinephrine is used as an over the counter (OTC) agent for the intermittent symptoms of asthma, such as wheezing, tightness of chest and shortness of breath [F2131]. It is also used for the maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery [L4825].
Categories	Adrenergic Agents Adrenergic Agonists Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic alpha-Agonists Adrenergic and Dopaminergic Agents Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic beta-3 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic beta-Agonists Adrenergics, Inhalants Agents producing tachycardia Agents that produce hypertension Alpha-and Beta-adrenergic Agonists Amines Anti-Asthmatic Agents Antiglaucoma Preparations and Miotics Autonomic Agents Benzene Derivatives Biogenic Amines Biogenic Monoamines Bronchodilator Agents Cardiac Stimulants Excl. Cardiac Glycosides Cardiac Therapy Cardiovascular Agents Catecholamines Catechols COMT Substrates Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inhibitors Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inhibitors (strength unknown) Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inhibitors Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inhibitors (strength unknown) Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors Dental Agents Drugs for Obstructive Airway Diseases Epinephrine and similars Hemostatics Hyperglycemia-Associated Agents Local Hemostatics Mydriatics Nasal Preparations Neurotransmitter Agents OCT1 substrates OCT2 Inhibitors OCT2 Substrates Ophthalmologicals Peripheral Nervous System Agents Phenols Respiratory System Agents Stomatological Preparations Sympathomimetic (Adrenergic) Agents Sympathomimetics Sympathomimetics in Glaucoma Therapy Sympathomimetics, Plain Vasoconstrictor Agents
ATC-Code	A01AD01 R03AK01 B02BC09 C01CA24 S01EA01 R01AA14 R03AA01 S01EA51
CAS number	51-43-4

Drug Targets

Name	Target Sequence	Pharmacological Action	Actions
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	MVFLSGNASDSSNCTQPPAPVNISKAILLGVILGGLILFGVLGNILVILS...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	MNPDLDTGHNTSAPAHWGELKNANFTGPNQTSSNSTLPQLDITRAISVGL...	unknown	agonist
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor	MGAGVLVLGASEPGNLSSAAPLPDGAATAARLLVPASPPASLLPPASESP...	unknown	agonist
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	MGQPGNGSAFLLAPNGSHAPDHDVTQERDEVWVVGMGIVMSLIVLAIVFG...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	MGSLQPDAGNASWNGTEAPGGGARATPYSLQVTLTLVCLAGLLMLLTVFG...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor	MDHQDPYSVQATAAIAAAITFLILFTIFGNALVILAVLTSRSLRAPQNLF...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor	MTFRDLLSVSFEGPRPDSSAGGSSAGGGGGSAGGAAPSEGPAVGGVPGGA...	unknown	antagonist
Tumor necrosis factor	MSTESMIRDVELAEEALPKKTGGPQGSRRCLFLSLFSFLIVAGATTLFCL...	unknown	antagonist,agonist
Cytochrome P450 2C9	MDSLVVLVLCLSCLLLLSLWRQSSGRGKLPPGPTPLPVIGNILQIGIKDI...	unknown	inhibitor
Cytochrome P450 3A4	MALIPDLAMETWLLLAVSLVLLYLYGTHSHGLFKKLGIPGPTPLPFLGNI...	unknown	inhibitor
Catechol O-methyltransferase	MPEAPPLLLAAVLLGLVLLVVLLLLLRHWGWGLCLIGWNEFILQPIHNLL...	unknown	substrate
Monoamine oxidase	MENQEKASIAGHMFDVVVIGGGISGLSAAKLLTEYGVSVLVLEARDRVGG...	unknown	substrate
Solute carrier family 22 member 2	MPTTVDDVLEHGGEFHFFQKQMFFLLALLSATFAPIYVGIVFLGFTPDHR...	unknown	substrate
Solute carrier family 22 member 1	MPTVDDILEQVGESGWFQKQAFLILCLLSAAFAPICVGIVFLGFTPDHHC...	unknown	substrate
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Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison T, Liu P, Ly S, Frolkis A, Pon A, Banco K, Mak C, Neveu V, Djoumbou Y, Eisner R, Guo AC, Wishart DS. Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan; 39 (Database issue):D1035-41. | PMID:21059682