ALE

L-EPINEPHRINE

Created:	1999-07-08
Last modified:	2021-03-01

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Chemical Details
Formal Charge	0
Atom Count	26
Chiral Atom Count	1
Bond Count	26
Aromatic Bond Count	6

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Chemical Component Summary
Name	L-EPINEPHRINE
Synonyms	ADRENALINE
Systematic Name (OpenEye OEToolkits)	4-[(1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-oxidanyl-ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol
Formula	C₉ H₁₃ N O₃
Molecular Weight	183.204
Type	NON-POLYMER

Chemical Descriptors
Type	Program	Version	Descriptor
SMILES	ACDLabs	12.01	Oc1ccc(cc1O)C(O)CNC
SMILES	CACTVS	3.370	CNC[CH](O)c1ccc(O)c(O)c1
SMILES	OpenEye OEToolkits	1.7.6	CNCC(c1ccc(c(c1)O)O)O
Canonical SMILES	CACTVS	3.370	CNC[C@H](O)c1ccc(O)c(O)c1
Canonical SMILES	OpenEye OEToolkits	1.7.6	CNC[C@@H](c1ccc(c(c1)O)O)O
InChI	InChI	1.03	InChI=1S/C9H13NO3/c1-10-5-9(13)6-2-3-7(11)8(12)4-6/h2-4,9-13H,5H2,1H3/t9-/m0/s1
InChIKey	InChI	1.03	UCTWMZQNUQWSLP-VIFPVBQESA-N

Drug Info: DrugBank

DrugBank data are sourced from datasets licensed under a Creative Common's Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License

DrugBank ID	DB00668
Name	Epinephrine
Groups	approved investigational vet_approved
Description	Epinephrine, also known as _adrenaline_, is a hormone and neurotransmitter and produced by the adrenal glands that can also be used as a drug due to its various important functions. Though it has long been used in the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions, epinephrine in the auto-injector form (EpiPen) has been available since 1987 in the USA. Many new products/biosimilars and dosage routes have been approved under various names over the last several decades [L4355], [L4356], [L4358]. On August 16, 2018, Teva Pharmaceuticals USA gained approval to market its generic epinephrine auto-injector in 0.3 mg and 0.15 mg strengths [L4353]. Dosage delivery routes for epinephrine include intravenous, inhalation, nebulization, intramuscular injection, and subcutaneous injection. In general, the most common uses of parenteral epinephrine are to relieve respiratory distress due to bronchospasm, to provide rapid relief of hypersensitivity (anaphylactic or anaphylactoid) reactions to drugs, animal serums and other allergens, and to prolong the action of infiltration anesthetics [F2136]. In addition to the above functions, epinephrine is the primary drug administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to reverse cardiac arrest [A37697], [A37699]. It can be used in severe cases of croup [L4824].
Synonyms	RACEPINEFRINE, (R)- (R)-(-)-Epirenamine L-Adrenaline (R)-(-)-Adnephrine 4-((1R)-1-HYDROXY-2-(METHYLAMINO)ETHYL)-1,2-BENZENEDIOL Adrenaline (R)-(-)-Epinephrine Levoepinephrine Adrénaline Epinephrinum (−)-(R)-epinephrine (R)-(−)-adrenaline Epinephrine hydrochloride (R)-(-)-Adrenaline Epinephrin Epinephrine Epinephrine acetate Epinefrin (−)-adrenaline 4-[(1R)-1-Hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]-1,2-benzenediol Epinephrine bitartrate (−)-3,4-dihydroxy-α-((methylamino)methyl)benzyl alcohol BENZYL ALCOHOL, 3,4-DIHYDROXY-.ALPHA.-((METHYLAMINO)METHYL)-, (-)- 1,2-BENZENEDIOL, 4-(1-HYDROXY-2-(METHYLAMINO)ETHYL)-, (R)- Epinefrina
Brand Names	Epinephrine Professional EMS Epipen Jr Septanest Sp Epinephrine 0.15 Pediatrics Adyphren II Kit Certa Dose Epinephrine Convenience Kit Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Lignospan Standard Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:50,000 Anapen Junior Marcaine E Orostat 8% Adyphren Amp II Kit Marcaine With Epinephrine E-pilo-1 Oph Soln Gingi Pak Cord No 1 SENSORCAINE MPF with Epinephrine Adrenaclick 0.30mg Auto-injector Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 2 Gold Label Anorectal Numbing Spray Epinephrine Injection USP Ana-kit (2mg/tab Orl, 1mg/ml Liq Sc Im) Lidocaine and Epinephrine Inj.usp 2% 1:100000 Marcaine with Epinephrine Adrenalin(r) Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:100000 Ultracaine D-S Injection QKit Procedure Tray Epinephrine Injection USP 1 mg/ml D-Care 100X Xylocaine 2% With Epinephrine 1:200000 Xylocaine(r) -mpf (lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine) Primatene Mist Refill Taroclick Epinephrine Junior Sensorcaine With Epinephrine Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Test Dose Septocaine and Epinephrine LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPINEPHRINE EpiPen Jr Xylocaine-mpf With Epi Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Articaine Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50 000 Marcaine Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:50000 Twinject Ana-kit Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 E-pilo-2 Oph Soln Epi E-Z Pen - Liquid - 0.3mg/0.3ml Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection USP Adrenalin (epinephrine) Epinephrine Chloride Solution E-pilo 1 Ophthalmic Solution Epinephrine Inj 0.1mg/ml USP EpinephrineSnap-V Epipen Bupivacaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine Epinephrine 0.3 Adults Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 1 Medihaler-Epi Crown-pak Max 4-ply Orabloc 1:100,000 Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Adrenalin Vials Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Test Dose Octocaine 100 Needleject Inj LIDOCAINE HCl Epinephrine Pediatrics EPIsnap Epinephrine Convenience Kit Zorcaine Spinal Anesthesia Tray Orabloc 2% Lidocaine and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Injection USP Bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Numquick Analgesic Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine HCl 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Xylocaine with epinephrine Numbing Hemorrhoidal Label Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 3 Primatene Mist Adrenalin (epinephrine in sodium chloride) Posicaine N EpinephrineSnap-EMS E-pilo 4 Ophthalmic Solution Orabloc 1:200,000 Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Articaine HCl and Epinephrine Sensorcaine Forte Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Xylocaine Mpf 1.5% With Epinephrine Epinephrine Professional Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Lixtraxen 1% EpiPen Citanest Forte Epinephrine 1:1000 Inj 1mg/ml USP Basic Dental Emergency Kit Taroclick Epinephrine Scandonest 2% Special Inj Auvi-Q Leep RediKit Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:100000 Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000 E-pilo 2 Ophthalmic Solution E-pilo 6 Ophthalmic Solution Dentsply 4% Prilocaine and Epinephrine Injection 1:200,000 Adrenalin Topical Solution Epinephrine Sensorcaine Mpf E-pilo-6 Oph Soln Dysne Inhal Prilocaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:100000 Bupivacaine HCl 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Injection Anakit Insect Sting Treatment Kit Marcaine 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Liq Neffy Xylocaine Zone 2 Bupivacaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Twinject 0.3mg Auto-injector Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:100,000 LIDOCAINE HCl and EPINEPHRINE Ultracaine DS Inj Adrenaclick Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine Adrenalin Gingi-pak Max 2-ply Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:100000 Ephinephrine EPY II Kit Xylocaine MPF 4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 (0.005mg/ml) Allerject LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPI Lignospan Speciale Inj Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Eurneffy Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 2 Numquick Topical Analgesic Twinject 0.15mg Auto-injector Anapen Gingi-pak Pellets Epinephrine Convenience Kit Octocaine 50 CLIN-LIDO-Single Use Kit Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 00 Septocaine Posicaine Sp Minnerva II Lidosite Marcaine E 0.25% Liq Prt Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine With Epinephrine Articadent Lidocaine Septanest N Blue Gel Anesthetic Adyphren Amp Kit Ultacan Forte Vasocaine Sensorcaine(r) (bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine) Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine Hydrochloride 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000 Ultracaine DS Forte Inj E-pilo-4 Oph Soln Epinephrinesnap-V Emerade The Solution Anorectal Spray Temporary Pain Relief 4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine Forte 1:100,000 (0.01mg/ml) Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 1 Adrenaclick 0.15mg Auto-injector Prilocaine HCl 4% Epineph 1:200000inj Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 3 Ultracaine D-S Forte Injection Gingi-pak Cotton Coil EPY Kit Prime Asthma Relief Vivacaine The Solution Lidocaine Hci Symjepi Spinal Anaesthesia Tray 4% Citanest Forte Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 Epinephrine Injection Lignospan Forte Ultacan Pro Numb Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Injection Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100 000 Citanest Forte DENTAL Taro-epinephrine Auto-injector Adyphren Kit Bronkaid Mistometer Aem 0.5% Deluxe Dental Emergency Kit Marcaine E Liq Prt 0.50% Octocaine 100 Sensorcaine
Indication	Epinephrine injection and nasal spray are indicated in the emergency treatment of type I allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis.[L41260, L51798] Epinephrine injection is also used to increase mean arterial blood pressure in adult patients with hypotension associated with septic shock.[L41260] Epinephrine's cardiac effects may be of use in restoring cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest due to various causes but is not used in cardiac failure or in hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiogenic shock [F1247]. Epinephrine is used as a hemostatic agent. It is so used in treating mucosal congestion of hay fever, rhinitis, and acute sinusitis; to relieve bronchial asthmatic paroxysms; in syncope due to complete heart block or carotid sinus hypersensitivity; for symptomatic relief of serum sickness, urticaria, angioneurotic edema; for resuscitation in cardiac arrest following anesthetic accidents; in simple (open-angle) glaucoma; for relaxation of uterine musculature and to inhibit uterine contractions. Epinephrine injection can be utilized to prolong the action of local anesthetics [F1247]. In addition to the above, epinephrine is used as an over the counter (OTC) agent for the intermittent symptoms of asthma, such as wheezing, tightness of chest and shortness of breath [F2131]. It is also used for the maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery [L4825].
Categories	Adrenergic Agents Adrenergic Agonists Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic alpha-Agonists Adrenergic and Dopaminergic Agents Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic beta-3 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic beta-Agonists Adrenergics, Inhalants Agents producing tachycardia Agents that produce hypertension Alpha-and Beta-adrenergic Agonists Amines Anti-Asthmatic Agents Antiglaucoma Preparations and Miotics Autonomic Agents Benzene Derivatives Biogenic Amines Biogenic Monoamines Bronchodilator Agents Cardiac Stimulants Excl. Cardiac Glycosides Cardiac Therapy Cardiovascular Agents Catecholamines Catechols COMT Substrates Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inhibitors Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inhibitors (strength unknown) Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inhibitors Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inhibitors (strength unknown) Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors Dental Agents Drugs for Obstructive Airway Diseases Epinephrine and similars Hemostatics Hyperglycemia-Associated Agents Local Hemostatics Mydriatics Nasal Preparations Neurotransmitter Agents OCT1 substrates OCT2 Substrates Ophthalmologicals Peripheral Nervous System Agents Phenols Respiratory System Agents Stomatological Preparations Sympathomimetic (Adrenergic) Agents Sympathomimetics Sympathomimetics in Glaucoma Therapy Sympathomimetics, Plain Vasoconstrictor Agents
ATC-Code	A01AD01 R03AK01 B02BC09 C01CA24 S01EA01 R01AA14 R03AA01 S01EA51
CAS number	51-43-4

Drug Targets

DrugBank data are sourced from datasets licensed under a Creative Common's Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License

Name	Target Sequence	Pharmacological Action	Actions
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	MVFLSGNASDSSNCTQPPAPVNISKAILLGVILGGLILFGVLGNILVILS...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	MNPDLDTGHNTSAPAHWGELKNANFTGPNQTSSNSTLPQLDITRAISVGL...	unknown	agonist
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor	MGAGVLVLGASEPGNLSSAAPLPDGAATAARLLVPASPPASLLPPASESP...	unknown	agonist
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	MGQPGNGSAFLLAPNGSHAPDHDVTQERDEVWVVGMGIVMSLIVLAIVFG...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	MFRQEQPLAEGSFAPMGSLQPDAGNASWNGTEAPGGGARATPYSLQVTLT...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor	MDHQDPYSVQATAAIAAAITFLILFTIFGNALVILAVLTSRSLRAPQNLF...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor	MTFRDLLSVSFEGPRPDSSAGGSSAGGGGGSAGGAAPSEGPAVGGVPGGA...	unknown	antagonist
Tumor necrosis factor	MSTESMIRDVELAEEALPKKTGGPQGSRRCLFLSLFSFLIVAGATTLFCL...	unknown	antagonist,agonist
Cytochrome P450 2C9	MDSLVVLVLCLSCLLLLSLWRQSSGRGKLPPGPTPLPVIGNILQIGIKDI...	unknown	inhibitor
Cytochrome P450 3A4	MALIPDLAMETWLLLAVSLVLLYLYGTHSHGLFKKLGIPGPTPLPFLGNI...	unknown	inhibitor
Catechol O-methyltransferase	MPEAPPLLLAAVLLGLVLLVVLLLLLRHWGWGLCLIGWNEFILQPIHNLL...	unknown	substrate
Monoamine oxidase	MENQEKASIAGHMFDVVVIGGGISGLSAAKLLTEYGVSVLVLEARDRVGG...	unknown	substrate
Solute carrier family 22 member 2	MPTTVDDVLEHGGEFHFFQKQMFFLLALLSATFAPIYVGIVFLGFTPDHR...	unknown	substrate
Solute carrier family 22 member 1	MPTVDDILEQVGESGWFQKQAFLILCLLSAAFAPICVGIVFLGFTPDHHC...	unknown	substrate
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Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison T, Liu P, Ly S, Frolkis A, Pon A, Banco K, Mak C, Neveu V, Djoumbou Y, Eisner R, Guo AC, Wishart DS. Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan; 39 (Database issue):D1035-41. | PMID:21059682