ALE

L-EPINEPHRINE

Created:	1999-07-08
Last modified:	2021-03-01

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Chemical Details
Formal Charge	0
Atom Count	26
Chiral Atom Count	1
Bond Count	26
Aromatic Bond Count	6

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Chemical Component Summary
Name	L-EPINEPHRINE
Synonyms	ADRENALINE
Systematic Name (OpenEye OEToolkits)	4-[(1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-oxidanyl-ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol
Formula	C₉ H₁₃ N O₃
Molecular Weight	183.204
Type	NON-POLYMER

Chemical Descriptors
Type	Program	Version	Descriptor
SMILES	ACDLabs	12.01	Oc1ccc(cc1O)C(O)CNC
SMILES	CACTVS	3.370	CNC[CH](O)c1ccc(O)c(O)c1
SMILES	OpenEye OEToolkits	1.7.6	CNCC(c1ccc(c(c1)O)O)O
Canonical SMILES	CACTVS	3.370	CNC[C@H](O)c1ccc(O)c(O)c1
Canonical SMILES	OpenEye OEToolkits	1.7.6	CNC[C@@H](c1ccc(c(c1)O)O)O
InChI	InChI	1.03	InChI=1S/C9H13NO3/c1-10-5-9(13)6-2-3-7(11)8(12)4-6/h2-4,9-13H,5H2,1H3/t9-/m0/s1
InChIKey	InChI	1.03	UCTWMZQNUQWSLP-VIFPVBQESA-N

Drug Info: DrugBank

DrugBank data are sourced from datasets licensed under a Creative Common's Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License

DrugBank ID	DB00668
Name	Epinephrine
Groups	investigational vet_approved approved
Description	Epinephrine, also known as _adrenaline_, is a hormone and neurotransmitter and produced by the adrenal glands that can also be used as a drug due to its various important functions. Though it has long been used in the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions, epinephrine in the auto-injector form (EpiPen) has been available since 1987 in the USA. Many new products/biosimilars and dosage routes have been approved under various names over the last several decades [L4355], [L4356], [L4358]. On August 16, 2018, Teva Pharmaceuticals USA gained approval to market its generic epinephrine auto-injector in 0.3 mg and 0.15 mg strengths [L4353]. Dosage delivery routes for epinephrine include intravenous, inhalation, nebulization, intramuscular injection, and subcutaneous injection. In general, the most common uses of parenteral epinephrine are to relieve respiratory distress due to bronchospasm, to provide rapid relief of hypersensitivity (anaphylactic or anaphylactoid) reactions to drugs, animal serums and other allergens, and to prolong the action of infiltration anesthetics [F2136]. In addition to the above functions, epinephrine is the primary drug administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to reverse cardiac arrest [A37697], [A37699]. It can be used in severe cases of croup [L4824].
Synonyms	Epinephrine acetate (R)-(−)-adrenaline Adrénaline BENZYL ALCOHOL, 3,4-DIHYDROXY-.ALPHA.-((METHYLAMINO)METHYL)-, (-)- RACEPINEFRINE, (R)- Epinephrine bitartrate Epinephrin Epinephrine Adrenaline (R)-(-)-Epinephrine (−)-adrenaline Epinefrina Epinephrine hydrochloride 1,2-BENZENEDIOL, 4-(1-HYDROXY-2-(METHYLAMINO)ETHYL)-, (R)- (R)-(-)-Adnephrine (−)-(R)-epinephrine L-Adrenaline 4-[(1R)-1-Hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]-1,2-benzenediol (−)-3,4-dihydroxy-α-((methylamino)methyl)benzyl alcohol Epinephrinum 4-((1R)-1-HYDROXY-2-(METHYLAMINO)ETHYL)-1,2-BENZENEDIOL Epinefrin (R)-(-)-Epirenamine Levoepinephrine (R)-(-)-Adrenaline
Brand Names	Spinal Anaesthesia Tray Anapen EpinephrineSnap-V Septanest Sp Dentsply 4% Prilocaine and Epinephrine Injection 1:200,000 Epi E-Z Pen - Liquid - 0.3mg/0.3ml Primatene Mist Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Test Dose Octocaine 100 Needleject Inj Sensorcaine Epinephrine Pediatrics Zone 2 Epinephrine Injection Numquick Analgesic Numquick Topical Analgesic Sensorcaine Mpf Deluxe Dental Emergency Kit Symjepi LIDOCAINE HCl and EPINEPHRINE Medihaler-Epi Marcaine E 0.25% Liq Prt Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:100000 Orostat 8% Lidosite Scandonest 2% Special Inj Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection USP Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Adrenaclick 0.15mg Auto-injector Gold Label Anorectal Numbing Spray LIDOCAINE HCl Epinephrine Chloride Solution Septocaine E-pilo 4 Ophthalmic Solution Articaine HCl and Epinephrine Xylocaine with epinephrine Adrenalin Xylocaine Mpf 1.5% With Epinephrine Marcaine with Epinephrine Primatene Mist Refill Orabloc 1:200,000 D-Care 100X Gingi-pak Cotton Coil Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Adrenalin (epinephrine) Articadent Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Dysne Inhal Ultracaine D-S Injection Ephinephrine Minnerva II 4% Citanest Forte Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 Epipen Jr Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:50000 Epinephrinesnap-V Vivacaine Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100 000 Ana-kit Anakit Insect Sting Treatment Kit Adyphren Amp II Kit Bupivacaine HCl 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Injection Epinephrine Professional Ultacan Forte Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine Hydrochloride 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000 Marcaine With Epinephrine Octocaine 100 Ultracaine DS Forte Inj Gingi Pak Cord No 1 Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 2 Gingi-pak Pellets Bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine SENSORCAINE MPF with Epinephrine Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 1 Sensorcaine Forte Xylocaine 2% With Epinephrine 1:200000 4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine Forte 1:100,000 (0.01mg/ml) Sensorcaine With Epinephrine Neffy Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Adyphren Kit Octocaine 50 Epinephrine Injection USP Adrenalin (epinephrine in sodium chloride) Orabloc 1:100,000 Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Test Dose Twinject 0.3mg Auto-injector Epipen Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 1 Emerade Twinject Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 EPY Kit Epinephrine 0.15 Pediatrics Lignospan Forte Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Epinephrine 0.3 Adults Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 3 Lignospan Speciale Inj Marcaine E Liq Prt 0.50% Articaine EPY II Kit Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine With Epinephrine Prime Asthma Relief Lidocaine Hci Xylocaine-mpf With Epi EpinephrineSnap-EMS Taroclick Epinephrine Bupivacaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine Adrenaclick 0.30mg Auto-injector Bupivacaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine E-pilo-6 Oph Soln Epinephrine Convenience Kit Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50 000 Ultracaine DS Inj Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Bronkaid Mistometer Aem 0.5% Marcaine E Gingi-pak Max 2-ply The Solution Adrenalin(r) Basic Dental Emergency Kit Lixtraxen 1% Orabloc Taroclick Epinephrine Junior Xylocaine MPF Septanest N Sensorcaine(r) (bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine) Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:50,000 Adrenaclick Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:100,000 E-pilo 6 Ophthalmic Solution Epinephrine E-pilo-4 Oph Soln Lignospan Standard Ultacan E-pilo-2 Oph Soln Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 3 The Solution Anorectal Spray Temporary Pain Relief Xylocaine Marcaine LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPINEPHRINE Posicaine Sp QKit Procedure Tray Spinal Anesthesia Tray Septocaine and Epinephrine Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 2 Adyphren II Kit Numbing Hemorrhoidal Label Prilocaine HCl 4% Epineph 1:200000inj Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP CLIN-LIDO-Single Use Kit Lidocaine Twinject 0.15mg Auto-injector Zorcaine 4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 (0.005mg/ml) Vasocaine Anapen Junior Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:100000 EpiPen Jr EpiPen Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine HCl 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Leep RediKit Crown-pak Max 4-ply Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:100000 Epinephrine 1:1000 Inj 1mg/ml USP Adrenalin Topical Solution Ultracaine D-S Forte Injection Auvi-Q Citanest Forte Eurneffy EPIsnap Epinephrine Convenience Kit 2% Lidocaine and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Injection USP Citanest Forte DENTAL Epinephrine Injection USP 1 mg/ml Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Injection Epinephrine Inj 0.1mg/ml USP Xylocaine(r) -mpf (lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine) Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:100000 Adyphren Amp Kit Adrenalin Vials Ana-kit (2mg/tab Orl, 1mg/ml Liq Sc Im) Marcaine 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Liq Taro-epinephrine Auto-injector Lidocaine and Epinephrine Inj.usp 2% 1:100000 Certa Dose Epinephrine Convenience Kit Allerject E-pilo 1 Ophthalmic Solution Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000 Posicaine N Blue Gel Anesthetic LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPI Prilocaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine E-pilo 2 Ophthalmic Solution Pro Numb Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 00 Epinephrine Professional EMS E-pilo-1 Oph Soln
Indication	Epinephrine injection and nasal spray are indicated in the emergency treatment of type I allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis.[L41260, L51798] Epinephrine injection is also used to increase mean arterial blood pressure in adult patients with hypotension associated with septic shock.[L41260] Epinephrine's cardiac effects may be of use in restoring cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest due to various causes but is not used in cardiac failure or in hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiogenic shock [F1247]. Epinephrine is used as a hemostatic agent. It is so used in treating mucosal congestion of hay fever, rhinitis, and acute sinusitis; to relieve bronchial asthmatic paroxysms; in syncope due to complete heart block or carotid sinus hypersensitivity; for symptomatic relief of serum sickness, urticaria, angioneurotic edema; for resuscitation in cardiac arrest following anesthetic accidents; in simple (open-angle) glaucoma; for relaxation of uterine musculature and to inhibit uterine contractions. Epinephrine injection can be utilized to prolong the action of local anesthetics [F1247]. In addition to the above, epinephrine is used as an over the counter (OTC) agent for the intermittent symptoms of asthma, such as wheezing, tightness of chest and shortness of breath [F2131]. It is also used for the maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery [L4825].
Categories	Adrenergic Agents Adrenergic Agonists Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic alpha-Agonists Adrenergic and Dopaminergic Agents Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic beta-3 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic beta-Agonists Adrenergics, Inhalants Agents producing tachycardia Agents that produce hypertension Alpha-and Beta-adrenergic Agonists Amines Anti-Asthmatic Agents Antiglaucoma Preparations and Miotics Autonomic Agents Benzene Derivatives Biogenic Amines Biogenic Monoamines Bronchodilator Agents Cardiac Stimulants Excl. Cardiac Glycosides Cardiac Therapy Cardiovascular Agents Catecholamines Catechols COMT Substrates Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inhibitors Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inhibitors (strength unknown) Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inhibitors Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inhibitors (strength unknown) Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors Dental Agents Drugs for Obstructive Airway Diseases Epinephrine and similars Hemostatics Hyperglycemia-Associated Agents Local Hemostatics Mydriatics Nasal Preparations Neurotransmitter Agents OCT1 substrates OCT2 Substrates Ophthalmologicals Peripheral Nervous System Agents Phenols Respiratory System Agents Stomatological Preparations Sympathomimetic (Adrenergic) Agents Sympathomimetics Sympathomimetics in Glaucoma Therapy Sympathomimetics, Plain Vasoconstrictor Agents
ATC-Code	A01AD01 R03AK01 B02BC09 C01CA24 S01EA01 R01AA14 R03AA01 S01EA51
CAS number	51-43-4

Drug Targets

DrugBank data are sourced from datasets licensed under a Creative Common's Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License

Name	Target Sequence	Pharmacological Action	Actions
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	MVFLSGNASDSSNCTQPPAPVNISKAILLGVILGGLILFGVLGNILVILS...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	MNPDLDTGHNTSAPAHWGELKNANFTGPNQTSSNSTLPQLDITRAISVGL...	unknown	agonist
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor	MGAGVLVLGASEPGNLSSAAPLPDGAATAARLLVPASPPASLLPPASESP...	unknown	agonist
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	MGQPGNGSAFLLAPNGSHAPDHDVTQERDEVWVVGMGIVMSLIVLAIVFG...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	MFRQEQPLAEGSFAPMGSLQPDAGNASWNGTEAPGGGARATPYSLQVTLT...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor	MDHQDPYSVQATAAIAAAITFLILFTIFGNALVILAVLTSRSLRAPQNLF...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor	MTFRDLLSVSFEGPRPDSSAGGSSAGGGGGSAGGAAPSEGPAVGGVPGGA...	unknown	antagonist
Tumor necrosis factor	MSTESMIRDVELAEEALPKKTGGPQGSRRCLFLSLFSFLIVAGATTLFCL...	unknown	antagonist,agonist
Cytochrome P450 2C9	MDSLVVLVLCLSCLLLLSLWRQSSGRGKLPPGPTPLPVIGNILQIGIKDI...	unknown	inhibitor
Cytochrome P450 3A4	MALIPDLAMETWLLLAVSLVLLYLYGTHSHGLFKKLGIPGPTPLPFLGNI...	unknown	inhibitor
Catechol O-methyltransferase	MPEAPPLLLAAVLLGLVLLVVLLLLLRHWGWGLCLIGWNEFILQPIHNLL...	unknown	substrate
Monoamine oxidase	MENQEKASIAGHMFDVVVIGGGISGLSAAKLLTEYGVSVLVLEARDRVGG...	unknown	substrate
Solute carrier family 22 member 2	MPTTVDDVLEHGGEFHFFQKQMFFLLALLSATFAPIYVGIVFLGFTPDHR...	unknown	substrate
Solute carrier family 22 member 1	MPTVDDILEQVGESGWFQKQAFLILCLLSAAFAPICVGIVFLGFTPDHHC...	unknown	substrate
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Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison T, Liu P, Ly S, Frolkis A, Pon A, Banco K, Mak C, Neveu V, Djoumbou Y, Eisner R, Guo AC, Wishart DS. Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan; 39 (Database issue):D1035-41. | PMID:21059682