Epinephrine, also known as _adrenaline_, is a hormone and neurotransmitter and produced by the adrenal glands that can also be used as a drug due to its various important functions. Though it has long been used in the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions, epinephrine in the auto-injector form (EpiPen) has been available since 1987 in the USA. Many new products/biosimilars and dosage routes have been approved under various names over the last several decades [L4355], [L4356], [L4358]. On August 16, 2018, Teva Pharmaceuticals USA gained approval to market its generic epinephrine auto-injector in 0.3 mg and 0.15 mg strengths [L4353]. Dosage delivery routes for epinephrine include intravenous, inhalation, nebulization, intramuscular injection, and subcutaneous injection. In general, the most common uses of parenteral epinephrine are to relieve respiratory distress due to bronchospasm, to provide rapid relief of hypersensitivity (anaphylactic or anaphylactoid) reactions to drugs, animal serums and other allergens, and to prolong the action of infiltration anesthetics [F2136]. In addition to the above functions, epinephrine is the primary drug administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to reverse cardiac arrest [A37697], [A37699]. It can be used in severe cases of croup [L4824].
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate
Prilocaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Sensorcaine(r) (bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Epipen
Epinephrinesnap-V
Anapen Junior
Epinephrine Professional
Lidocaine
EpinephrineSnap-V
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine
E-pilo-6 Oph Soln
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 2
Lignospan Standard
Spinal Anesthesia Tray
Sensorcaine With Epinephrine
Ultracaine DS Forte Inj
EPIsnap Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Twinject
Adrenalin(r)
Ultacan
Bupivacaine HCl 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Injection
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 1
2% Lidocaine and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Injection USP
Posicaine N
Gingi Pak Cord No 1
Adrenalin Chloride Sol 1:1000
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Test Dose
EPY II Kit
Citanest Forte
Anapen
Articadent
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 00
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Epinephrine Injection
Ephinephrine
Marcaine E
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection USP
Lixtraxen 1%
Adrenalin (epinephrine)
Xylocaine MPF
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Test Dose
Emerade
E-pilo 2 Ophthalmic Solution
Taroclick Epinephrine Junior
Marcaine E Liq Prt 0.50%
Orabloc 1:100,000
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Marcaine with Epinephrine
Taroclick Epinephrine
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:50,000
Numquick Topical Analgesic
Medihaler-Epi
Auvi-Q
Ana-kit
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine HCl 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
Epinephrine
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine Forte 1:100,000 (0.01mg/ml)
Articaine HCl and Epinephrine
Scandonest 2% Special Inj
Sensorcaine
Lidosite
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine With Epinephrine
Octocaine 100 Needleject Inj
EPY Kit
Sensorcaine Forte
EpiPen Jr
Adrenalin
Epinephrine Chloride Solution
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
Gingi-pak Max 2-ply
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Ultracaine D-S Injection
Ana-kit (2mg/tab Orl, 1mg/ml Liq Sc Im)
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:200000
SENSORCAINE MPF with Epinephrine
Adyphren Amp Kit
Dentsply 4% Prilocaine and Epinephrine Injection 1:200,000
Marcaine E 0.25% Liq Prt
Lignospan Forte
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:50000
Lignospan Speciale Inj
Epipen Jr
E-pilo 1 Ophthalmic Solution
Xylocaine Mpf 1.5% With Epinephrine
Xylocaine
Lidocaine and Epinephrine Inj.usp 2% 1:100000
Septanest N
LIDOCAINE HCl and EPINEPHRINE
4% Citanest Forte Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000
Symjepi
Twinject 0.3mg Auto-injector
Adyphren II Kit
EpinephrineSnap-EMS
E-pilo 4 Ophthalmic Solution
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50 000
Twinject 0.15mg Auto-injector
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 (0.005mg/ml)
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPINEPHRINE
EpiPen
Bronkaid Mistometer Aem 0.5%
Epinephrine 1:1000 Inj 1mg/ml USP
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Lidocaine Hci
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine Hydrochloride 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Octocaine 100
Epinephrine Injection USP 1 mg/ml
Xylocaine 2% With Epinephrine 1:200000
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:100000
Numquick Analgesic
Vasocaine
E-pilo 6 Ophthalmic Solution
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 2
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Injection
Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Marcaine
Marcaine With Epinephrine
Certa Dose Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Xylocaine with epinephrine
Orostat 8%
Dysne Inhal
Sensorcaine Mpf
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Xylocaine-mpf With Epi
CLIN-LIDO-Single Use Kit
Adrenaclick 0.15mg Auto-injector
Orabloc
Prime Asthma Relief
Marcaine 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Liq
Septocaine
Primatene Mist
Xylocaine(r) -mpf (lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Adrenaclick 0.30mg Auto-injector
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 3
Blue Gel Anesthetic
Septanest Sp
Vivacaine
Spinal Anaesthesia Tray
Ultracaine D-S Forte Injection
Epi E-Z Pen - Liquid - 0.3mg/0.3ml
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Numbing Hemorrhoidal Label
Articaine
Zorcaine
Crown-pak Max 4-ply
E-pilo-4 Oph Soln
Gingi-pak Cotton Coil
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 1
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Adyphren Kit
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:100,000
Anakit Insect Sting Treatment Kit
E-pilo-1 Oph Soln
Orabloc 1:200,000
Prilocaine HCl 4% Epineph 1:200000inj
Leep RediKit
Taro-epinephrine Auto-injector
Epinephrine Inj 0.1mg/ml USP
Ultracaine DS Inj
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine
Octocaine 50
Adyphren Amp II Kit
QKit Procedure Tray
Epinephrine Professional EMS
D-Care 100X
Allerject
E-pilo-2 Oph Soln
Adrenaclick
Septocaine and Epinephrine
Indication
Epinephrine injection is indicated in the emergency treatment of allergic reactions (Type I) including anaphylaxis to stinging insects (e.g., order Hymenoptera, which include bees, wasps, hornets, yellow jackets and fire ants) and biting insects (e.g., triatoma, mosquitos), allergen immunotherapy, foods, drugs, diagnostic testing substances (e.g., radiocontrast media) and other allergens, as well as idiopathic anaphylaxis or exercise-induced anaphylaxis. Injectable epinephrine is intended for immediate/urgent administration in patients, who are found to be at increased risk for anaphylaxis, including individuals with a history of anaphylaxis. Selection of the appropriate dosage strength is determined according to body weight [FDA label]. Epinephrine's cardiac effects may be of use in restoring cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest due to various causes but is not used in cardiac failure or in hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiogenic shock [F1247]. Epinephrine is used as a hemostatic agent. It is also used in treating mucosal congestion of hay fever, rhinitis, and acute sinusitis; to relieve bronchial asthmatic paroxysms; in syncope due to complete heart block or carotid sinus hypersensitivity; for symptomatic relief of serum sickness, urticaria, angioneurotic edema; for resuscitation in cardiac arrest following anesthetic accidents; in simple (open angle) glaucoma; for relaxation of uterine musculature and to inhibit uterine contractions. Epinephrine injection can be utilized to prolong the action of local anesthetics [F1247]. In addition to the above, epinephrine is used as an over the counter (OTC) agent for the intermittent symptoms of asthma, such as wheezing, tightness of chest and shortness of breath [F2131]. It is also used for the maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery [L4825].
Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison
T, Liu P, Ly S, Frolkis A, Pon A, Banco K, Mak C, Neveu V, Djoumbou Y, Eisner R, Guo AC, Wishart DS.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan; 39 (Database issue):D1035-41. | PMID:21059682
