Epinephrine, also known as _adrenaline_, is a hormone and neurotransmitter and produced by the adrenal glands that can also be used as a drug due to its various important functions. Though it has long been used in the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions, epinephrine in the auto-injector form (EpiPen) has been available since 1987 in the USA. Many new products/biosimilars and dosage routes have been approved under various names over the last several decades [L4355], [L4356], [L4358]. On August 16, 2018, Teva Pharmaceuticals USA gained approval to market its generic epinephrine auto-injector in 0.3 mg and 0.15 mg strengths [L4353]. Dosage delivery routes for epinephrine include intravenous, inhalation, nebulization, intramuscular injection, and subcutaneous injection. In general, the most common uses of parenteral epinephrine are to relieve respiratory distress due to bronchospasm, to provide rapid relief of hypersensitivity (anaphylactic or anaphylactoid) reactions to drugs, animal serums and other allergens, and to prolong the action of infiltration anesthetics [F2136]. In addition to the above functions, epinephrine is the primary drug administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to reverse cardiac arrest [A37697], [A37699]. It can be used in severe cases of croup [L4824].
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Test Dose
Pro Numb
Articaine
Posicaine N
Xylocaine MPF
Xylocaine with epinephrine
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Bronkaid Mistometer Aem 0.5%
Ana-kit
Marcaine With Epinephrine
EpiPen Jr
Posicaine Sp
Twinject 0.15mg Auto-injector
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate
Lignospan Forte
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 1
Adrenalin (epinephrine)
Xylocaine(r) -mpf (lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 2
Epinephrine Chloride Solution
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 00
Neffy
Octocaine 100 Needleject Inj
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPINEPHRINE
Allerject
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Orabloc 1:100,000
Vasocaine
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Injection
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 3
Ultracaine DS Inj
Gingi-pak Pellets
Adrenalin
Septocaine and Epinephrine
Ultacan
Blue Gel Anesthetic
Taroclick Epinephrine Junior
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 3
E-pilo 2 Ophthalmic Solution
Gold Label Anorectal Numbing Spray
Epinephrine Pediatrics
Ephinephrine
Epinephrine 0.3 Adults
EpiPen
Prilocaine HCl 4% Epineph 1:200000inj
D-Care 100X
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine With Epinephrine
Xylocaine
SENSORCAINE MPF with Epinephrine
Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:100000
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 (0.005mg/ml)
Sensorcaine With Epinephrine
Anapen Junior
Adrenalin(r)
Gingi Pak Cord No 1
Prilocaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Xylocaine-mpf With Epi
E-pilo-4 Oph Soln
Epinephrine 0.15 Pediatrics
Lidosite
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine HCl 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
Primatene Mist Refill
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Citanest Forte
E-pilo 4 Ophthalmic Solution
The Solution
Emerade
Lidocaine Hci
Marcaine E 0.25% Liq Prt
Marcaine E
Epinephrine Professional EMS
Orostat 8%
Lidocaine
Twinject
Adrenalin Topical Solution
Gingi-pak Max 2-ply
Adrenaclick
Adyphren Kit
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Dentsply 4% Prilocaine and Epinephrine Injection 1:200,000
Auvi-Q
Medihaler-Epi
Bupivacaine HCl 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Injection
Zorcaine
Taroclick Epinephrine
EPY II Kit
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine
Lixtraxen 1%
Numquick Analgesic
Adrenaclick 0.15mg Auto-injector
Vivacaine
Orabloc
Adrenaclick 0.30mg Auto-injector
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPI
Adyphren Amp Kit
The Solution Anorectal Spray Temporary Pain Relief
Ultacan Forte
EpinephrineSnap-V
Epinephrine Professional
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 1
Crown-pak Max 4-ply
Septanest N
Spinal Anesthesia Tray
LIDOCAINE HCl and EPINEPHRINE
Marcaine 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Liq
Xylocaine Mpf 1.5% With Epinephrine
Sensorcaine(r) (bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Certa Dose Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Epinephrine
Spinal Anaesthesia Tray
Anakit Insect Sting Treatment Kit
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:100,000
Articadent
E-pilo-1 Oph Soln
Articaine HCl and Epinephrine
Minnerva II
EpinephrineSnap-EMS
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection USP
Deluxe Dental Emergency Kit
Epinephrine Inj 0.1mg/ml USP
Sensorcaine Forte
Xylocaine 2% With Epinephrine 1:200000
Epinephrine Injection USP
Epipen Jr
QKit Procedure Tray
Zone 2
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Test Dose
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Lidocaine and Epinephrine Inj.usp 2% 1:100000
Lignospan Speciale Inj
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:50,000
Gingi-pak Cotton Coil
Marcaine E Liq Prt 0.50%
Epinephrine Injection
Septanest Sp
Leep RediKit
Sensorcaine
Sensorcaine Mpf
Septocaine
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine Forte 1:100,000 (0.01mg/ml)
Adrenalin (epinephrine in sodium chloride)
2% Lidocaine and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Injection USP
Citanest Forte DENTAL
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50 000
Orabloc 1:200,000
Octocaine 100
Scandonest 2% Special Inj
Ultracaine D-S Forte Injection
Adyphren II Kit
E-pilo-6 Oph Soln
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine
Prime Asthma Relief
Octocaine 50
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Epi E-Z Pen - Liquid - 0.3mg/0.3ml
Twinject 0.3mg Auto-injector
Symjepi
Adyphren Amp II Kit
Basic Dental Emergency Kit
Ultracaine DS Forte Inj
Adrenalin Vials
Epinephrine 1:1000 Inj 1mg/ml USP
EPIsnap Epinephrine Convenience Kit
EPY Kit
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine Hydrochloride 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 2
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
4% Citanest Forte Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000
Epipen
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:50000
E-pilo 1 Ophthalmic Solution
E-pilo-2 Oph Soln
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:100000
CLIN-LIDO-Single Use Kit
Primatene Mist
LIDOCAINE HCl
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100 000
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
Taro-epinephrine Auto-injector
Dysne Inhal
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:100000
Anapen
Epinephrine Injection USP 1 mg/ml
Ana-kit (2mg/tab Orl, 1mg/ml Liq Sc Im)
E-pilo 6 Ophthalmic Solution
Marcaine with Epinephrine
Lignospan Standard
Numbing Hemorrhoidal Label
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Numquick Topical Analgesic
Ultracaine D-S Injection
Marcaine
Epinephrinesnap-V
Indication
Epinephrine injection and nasal spray are indicated in the emergency treatment of type I allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis.[L41260, L51798] Epinephrine injection is also used to increase mean arterial blood pressure in adult patients with hypotension associated with septic shock.[L41260] Epinephrine's cardiac effects may be of use in restoring cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest due to various causes but is not used in cardiac failure or in hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiogenic shock [F1247]. Epinephrine is used as a hemostatic agent. It is so used in treating mucosal congestion of hay fever, rhinitis, and acute sinusitis; to relieve bronchial asthmatic paroxysms; in syncope due to complete heart block or carotid sinus hypersensitivity; for symptomatic relief of serum sickness, urticaria, angioneurotic edema; for resuscitation in cardiac arrest following anesthetic accidents; in simple (open-angle) glaucoma; for relaxation of uterine musculature and to inhibit uterine contractions. Epinephrine injection can be utilized to prolong the action of local anesthetics [F1247]. In addition to the above, epinephrine is used as an over the counter (OTC) agent for the intermittent symptoms of asthma, such as wheezing, tightness of chest and shortness of breath [F2131]. It is also used for the maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery [L4825].
Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison
T, Liu P, Ly S, Frolkis A, Pon A, Banco K, Mak C, Neveu V, Djoumbou Y, Eisner R, Guo AC, Wishart DS.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan; 39 (Database issue):D1035-41. | PMID:21059682
