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GPR56 is a a cell-surface G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) which belongs to the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor (aGPCR) family, a large family of chimeric proteins that have both adhesion and signaling functions and play critical roles in divers ...
GPR56 is a a cell-surface G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) which belongs to the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor (aGPCR) family, a large family of chimeric proteins that have both adhesion and signaling functions and play critical roles in diverse neurobiological processes including brain development, synaptogenesis, and myelination. This entry represents GPCR-Autoproteolysis-INducing (GAIN) subdomain A, including PLL-GAIN linker (F161-D175) region [1].
The GPS motif is found in GPCRs, and is the site for auto-proteolysis, so is thus named, GPS [1-4]. The GPS motif is a conserved sequence of ~40 amino acids containing canonical cysteine and tryptophan residues, and is the most highly conserved part ...
The GPS motif is found in GPCRs, and is the site for auto-proteolysis, so is thus named, GPS [1-4]. The GPS motif is a conserved sequence of ~40 amino acids containing canonical cysteine and tryptophan residues, and is the most highly conserved part of the domain. In most, if not all, cell-adhesion GPCRs these undergo autoproteolysis in the GPS between a conserved aliphatic residue (usually a leucine) and a threonine, serine, or cysteine residue [5]. In higher eukaryotes this motif is found embedded in the C-terminal beta-stranded part of a GAIN domain - GPCR-Autoproteolysis INducing (GAIN), described as subdomain B, The GAIN-GPS domain/subdomain B adopts a fold in which the GPS motif, at the C-terminus, forms five beta-strands that, together with subdomain A, forms the overall GAIN domain [7]. The GPS motif, evolutionarily conserved from tetrahymena to mammals, is the only extracellular domain shared by all human cell-adhesion GPCRs and PKD proteins, and is the locus of multiple human disease mutations. The GAIN-GPS domain is both necessary and sufficient functionally for autoproteolysis, suggesting an autoproteolytic mechanism whereby the overall GAIN domain fine-tunes the chemical environment in the GPS to catalyse peptide bond hydrolysis [6]. In the cell-adhesion GPCRs and PKD proteins, the GPS motif is always located at the end of their long N-terminal extracellular regions, immediately before the first transmembrane helix of the respective protein.