8GCK | pdb_00008gck

Crystal structure of the human CHIP-TPR domain in complex with a 6mer acetylated tau peptide

External Resource: Annotation

Protein Family Annotation
Gene Ontology: Gene Product Annotation
InterPro: Protein Family Classification
Pharos: Disease Associations
Protein Modification Annotation

Protein Family Annotation Pfam Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Description	Comments	Source
A [auth B], B [auth A]	PF12895	Anaphase-promoting complex, cyclosome, subunit 3 (ANAPC3)	Anaphase-promoting complex, cyclosome, subunit 3	-	Repeat

Gene Ontology: Gene Product Annotation Gene Ontology Database Homepage

Chains	Polymer	Molecular Function	Biological Process	Cellular Component
C [auth E], D [auth C]	ACE-SER-ILE-ASP-MET-VAL-ASP	cytoskeletal protein binding microtubule binding protein binding binding tubulin binding microtubule lateral binding sequence-specific DNA binding DNA binding nucleic acid binding protein-folding chaperone binding SH3 domain binding protein domain specific binding DNA secondary structure binding minor groove of adenine-thymine-rich DNA binding cytoskeletal protein binding microtubule binding protein binding binding tubulin binding microtubule lateral binding sequence-specific DNA binding DNA binding nucleic acid binding protein-folding chaperone binding SH3 domain binding protein domain specific binding DNA secondary structure binding minor groove of adenine-thymine-rich DNA binding phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate binding phospholipid binding lipid binding phosphatidylinositol phosphate binding phosphatidylinositol binding protein phosphatase binding phosphatase binding enzyme binding protein phosphatase 2A binding kinase binding protein kinase binding single-stranded DNA binding protein-macromolecule adaptor activity molecular adaptor activity dynactin binding identical protein binding Hsp90 protein binding heat shock protein binding apolipoprotein binding RNA binding lipoprotein particle binding protein-containing complex binding protein-lipid complex binding double-stranded DNA binding actin binding histone-dependent DNA binding	establishment of organelle localization cellular localization organelle transport along microtubule transport intracellular transport plus-end-directed organelle transport along microtubule establishment of localization localization organelle localization establishment of localization in cell microtubule-based transport transport along microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent intracellular transport cellular process establishment of organelle localization cellular localization organelle transport along microtubule transport intracellular transport plus-end-directed organelle transport along microtubule establishment of localization localization organelle localization establishment of localization in cell microtubule-based transport transport along microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent intracellular transport cellular process microtubule-based movement microtubule-based process regulation of biological process regulation of cellular process reactive oxygen species metabolic process biological regulation positive regulation of biological process regulation of superoxide metabolic process positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process superoxide metabolic process positive regulation of metabolic process superoxide anion generation metabolic process positive regulation of superoxide anion generation regulation of superoxide anion generation regulation of metabolic process regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process positive regulation of cellular process cellular component biogenesis cellular component organization cellular component assembly inclusion body assembly cellular component organization or biogenesis neurofibrillary tangle assembly cellular response to endogenous stimulus cellular response to growth factor stimulus response to stimulus response to endogenous stimulus cellular response to nerve growth factor stimulus cellular response to brain-derived neurotrophic factor stimulus response to nerve growth factor response to growth factor cellular response to stimulus cellular response to heat cellular response to stress response to stress response to heat response to abiotic stimulus response to temperature stimulus developmental process regulation of cellular component organization regulation of developmental process organelle fission mitochondrial fission regulation of organelle organization anatomical structure morphogenesis organelle organization regulation of mitochondrial fission regulation of mitochondrion organization anatomical structure development regulation of anatomical structure morphogenesis mitochondrion organization axon extension multicellular organismal process positive regulation of nervous system development regulation of growth axonogenesis regulation of cellular component size developmental growth cell projection organization regulation of cell differentiation regulation of neurogenesis neuron projection development regulation of cell development positive regulation of developmental process multicellular organism development cell projection morphogenesis neuron differentiation neuron projection morphogenesis cell differentiation positive regulation of cell projection organization regulation of biological quality positive regulation of developmental growth system development regulation of cell projection organization positive regulation of cell development nervous system development developmental growth involved in morphogenesis generation of neurons positive regulation of multicellular organismal process regulation of neuron projection development positive regulation of cellular component organization cellular developmental process plasma membrane bounded cell projection morphogenesis cell development cell growth cell morphogenesis regulation of axon extension regulation of nervous system development neurogenesis regulation of extent of cell growth positive regulation of cell differentiation regulation of axonogenesis positive regulation of neurogenesis regulation of multicellular organismal process positive regulation of axon extension positive regulation of axonogenesis regulation of cell size neuron projection extension regulation of multicellular organismal development regulation of developmental growth plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization developmental cell growth growth positive regulation of cell growth axon development regulation of cell growth cell morphogenesis involved in neuron differentiation positive regulation of growth neuron development regulation of plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization regulation of anatomical structure size behavior system process learning or memory nervous system process cognition memory astrocyte differentiation astrocyte activation glial cell development astrocyte development gliogenesis defense response cell activation central nervous system development glial cell differentiation glial cell activation inflammatory response neuroinflammatory response myeloid leukocyte activation leukocyte activation macrophage activation immune system process leukocyte activation involved in inflammatory response microglial cell activation establishment of mitochondrion localization axonal transport mitochondrion localization establishment of mitochondrion localization, microtubule-mediated axo-dendritic transport mitochondrion transport along microtubule axonal transport of mitochondrion protein polymerization protein-containing complex organization protein-containing complex assembly primary metabolic process protein metabolic process macromolecule metabolic process supramolecular fiber organization amyloid fibril formation cell junction organization synapse organization microtubule cytoskeleton organization cytoplasmic microtubule organization cytoskeleton organization response to metal ion response to chemical response to lead ion regulation of signaling signaling regulation of signal transduction intracellular signal transduction cell communication regulation of intracellular signal transduction regulation of response to stimulus calcium-mediated signaling intracellular signaling cassette regulation of calcium-mediated signaling regulation of cell communication signal transduction modulation of chemical synaptic transmission negative regulation of signaling negative regulation of biological process negative regulation of synaptic transmission negative regulation of cell communication synaptic signaling negative regulation of cellular process regulation of synaptic plasticity trans-synaptic signaling cell-cell signaling chemical synaptic transmission regulation of trans-synaptic signaling anterograde trans-synaptic signaling long-term synaptic depression regulation of long-term synaptic depression regulation of biosynthetic process negative regulation of metabolic process regulation of macromolecule metabolic process gene expression macromolecule biosynthetic process regulation of gene expression negative regulation of gene expression biosynthetic process negative regulation of biosynthetic process negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process protein complex oligomerization protein homooligomerization nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process RNA metabolic process rRNA metabolic process nucleic acid metabolic process DNA damage response negative regulation of cellular component organization negative regulation of developmental process negative regulation of organelle organization negative regulation of mitochondrial fission central nervous system neuron development central nervous system neuron differentiation negative regulation of membrane potential regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential regulation of membrane potential microtubule polymerization microtubule polymerization or depolymerization positive regulation of organelle organization regulation of cytoskeleton organization regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization regulation of protein-containing complex assembly positive regulation of protein-containing complex assembly positive regulation of protein polymerization positive regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization positive regulation of cellular component biogenesis positive regulation of cytoskeleton organization regulation of microtubule-based process positive regulation of supramolecular fiber organization regulation of cellular component biogenesis positive regulation of microtubule polymerization regulation of protein polymerization regulation of microtubule polymerization regulation of supramolecular fiber organization regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organization stress granule assembly organelle assembly membraneless organelle assembly negative regulation of establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion regulation of localization establishment of protein localization regulation of protein localization regulation of establishment of protein localization negative regulation of establishment of protein localization regulation of establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion establishment of protein localization to organelle macromolecule localization intracellular protein localization establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion cell junction assembly synapse assembly regulation of cellular response to heat regulation of cellular response to stress regulation of response to stress regulation of protein modification process macromolecule deacylation protein deacetylation regulation of primary metabolic process negative regulation of tubulin deacetylation regulation of protein deacetylation tubulin deacetylation negative regulation of protein modification process protein modification process negative regulation of protein metabolic process regulation of protein metabolic process regulation of tubulin deacetylation protein deacylation macromolecule modification mitochondrion distribution intracellular distribution of mitochondria protein localization to synapse positive regulation of protein localization to synapse regulation of protein localization to synapse positive regulation of protein localization protein localization to cell junction chromosome organization regulation of chromosome organization cellular response to oxidative stress response to oxygen-containing compound cellular response to chemical stress cellular response to oxygen-containing compound response to reactive oxygen species cellular response to reactive oxygen species response to oxidative stress cellular response to chemical stimulus catabolic process autophagy regulation of catabolic process regulation of autophagy process utilizing autophagic mechanism	intracellular organelle protein-containing complex cellular anatomical structure intracellular anatomical structure cytoskeleton organelle tubulin complex membraneless organelle intracellular membraneless organelle cytoplasm cytosol neuron spine synapse neuron projection intracellular organelle protein-containing complex cellular anatomical structure intracellular anatomical structure cytoskeleton organelle tubulin complex membraneless organelle intracellular membraneless organelle cytoplasm cytosol neuron spine synapse neuron projection dendritic spine plasma membrane bounded cell projection somatodendritic compartment cell projection postsynapse cell junction dendrite dendritic tree cell body neuron projection cytoplasm axon axon cytoplasm cytoplasmic region plasma membrane bounded cell projection cytoplasm cell periphery plasma membrane membrane membrane-bounded organelle nucleus membrane-enclosed lumen intracellular membrane-bounded organelle intracellular organelle lumen organelle lumen nuclear periphery nuclear lumen membrane microdomain membrane raft main axon cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule supramolecular complex ribonucleoprotein granule extracellular region neurofibrillary tangle inclusion body cell leading edge axolemma leading edge membrane neuron projection membrane plasma membrane region cell projection membrane neuronal cell body polymeric cytoskeletal fiber supramolecular fiber microtubule supramolecular polymer microtubule cytoskeleton mitochondrion glial cell projection growth cone distal axon site of polarized growth
A [auth B], B [auth A]	E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CHIP	SMAD binding protein binding binding R-SMAD binding aminoacyltransferase activity ubiquitin-like protein transferase activity catalytic activity, acting on a protein acyltransferase activity ubiquitin-ubiquitin ligase activity ubiquitin-like protein ligase activity ubiquitin protein ligase activity transferase activity catalytic activity ubiquitin-protein transferase activity SMAD binding protein binding binding R-SMAD binding aminoacyltransferase activity ubiquitin-like protein transferase activity catalytic activity, acting on a protein acyltransferase activity ubiquitin-ubiquitin ligase activity ubiquitin-like protein ligase activity ubiquitin protein ligase activity transferase activity catalytic activity ubiquitin-protein transferase activity misfolded protein binding heat shock protein binding protein-folding chaperone binding protein-macromolecule adaptor activity molecular adaptor activity cytoskeletal protein binding tau protein binding ubiquitin protein ligase binding ubiquitin-like protein ligase binding enzyme binding Hsp90 protein binding Hsp70 protein binding kinase binding identical protein binding protein homodimerization activity protein dimerization activity TPR domain binding protein domain specific binding signaling receptor binding G protein-coupled receptor binding	regulation of protein stability biological regulation regulation of biological quality protein stabilization cellular response to stimulus catabolic process response to stimulus proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process response to nitrogen compound proteasomal protein catabolic process primary metabolic process protein catabolic process macromolecule catabolic process ERAD pathway regulation of protein stability biological regulation regulation of biological quality protein stabilization cellular response to stimulus catabolic process response to stimulus proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process response to nitrogen compound proteasomal protein catabolic process primary metabolic process protein catabolic process macromolecule catabolic process ERAD pathway cellular response to stress response to chemical response to stress proteolysis cellular process metabolic process protein metabolic process macromolecule metabolic process response to endoplasmic reticulum stress response to ischemia response to decreased oxygen levels cellular response to oxygen levels cellular response to hypoxia cellular response to decreased oxygen levels cellular response to chemical stimulus response to hypoxia response to oxygen levels response to abiotic stimulus cellular response to heat response to heat response to temperature stimulus protein autoubiquitination protein ubiquitination macromolecule modification post-translational protein modification protein modification process protein modification by small protein conjugation protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal positive regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process regulation of cellular process positive regulation of protein metabolic process positive regulation of biological process proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process regulation of primary metabolic process positive regulation of metabolic process positive regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process regulation of proteolysis regulation of proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process modification-dependent macromolecule catabolic process positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process positive regulation of cellular process regulation of biological process regulation of protein metabolic process regulation of macromolecule metabolic process regulation of catabolic process positive regulation of protein catabolic process positive regulation of proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process positive regulation of catabolic process regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process modification-dependent protein catabolic process positive regulation of proteolysis regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process regulation of metabolic process regulation of protein catabolic process signaling intracellular signal transduction cell communication intracellular signaling cassette MAPK cascade signal transduction regulation of hormone metabolic process regulation of hormone levels steroid metabolic process regulation of steroid metabolic process regulation of lipid metabolic process hormone metabolic process glucocorticoid metabolic process regulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process lipid metabolic process protein polyubiquitination negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway cell surface receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway cellular response to growth factor stimulus negative regulation of signaling cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus regulation of transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway negative regulation of biological process regulation of signal transduction negative regulation of cell communication regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway cellular response to endogenous stimulus negative regulation of cellular process enzyme-linked receptor protein signaling pathway regulation of signaling cell surface receptor signaling pathway negative regulation of response to stimulus regulation of cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus response to endogenous stimulus regulation of cellular response to growth factor stimulus negative regulation of signal transduction response to transforming growth factor beta regulation of response to stimulus transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway regulation of cell communication response to growth factor transforming growth factor beta receptor superfamily signaling pathway negative regulation of transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway DNA metabolic process nucleic acid metabolic process nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process DNA damage response DNA repair regulation of cellular component organization positive regulation of cellular component organization protein-containing complex organization positive regulation of cellular component biogenesis regulation of chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly regulation of cellular component biogenesis cellular component organization cellular component biogenesis regulation of protein-containing complex assembly positive regulation of protein-containing complex assembly cellular component assembly chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly protein-containing complex assembly cellular component organization or biogenesis positive regulation of chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly intracellular receptor signaling pathway negative regulation of intracellular signal transduction regulation of intracellular signal transduction peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway nuclear receptor-mediated signaling pathway negative regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway muscle hypertrophy regulation of muscle adaptation multicellular organismal process system process negative regulation of muscle hypertrophy regulation of system process striated muscle hypertrophy regulation of muscle system process muscle system process regulation of muscle hypertrophy regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy muscle adaptation cardiac muscle hypertrophy regulation of multicellular organismal process negative regulation of multicellular organismal process negative regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy cellular response to misfolded protein response to misfolded protein cellular response to topologically incorrect protein response to topologically incorrect protein autophagy chaperone-mediated autophagy process utilizing autophagic mechanism protein monoubiquitination endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response cellular response to unfolded protein response to unfolded protein vascular associated smooth muscle contraction regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle contraction negative regulation of vasoconstriction negative regulation of muscle contraction circulatory system process smooth muscle contraction regulation of smooth muscle contraction blood vessel diameter maintenance negative regulation of smooth muscle contraction blood circulation regulation of tube diameter regulation of tube size negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle contraction muscle contraction regulation of blood circulation regulation of muscle contraction vascular process in circulatory system regulation of vasoconstriction vasoconstriction regulation of anatomical structure size regulation of protein modification process regulation of protein ubiquitination positive regulation of post-translational protein modification positive regulation of protein modification process regulation of protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal positive regulation of protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal positive regulation of protein ubiquitination regulation of post-translational protein modification ERBB2 signaling pathway cell surface receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway ERBB signaling pathway positive regulation of programmed cell death positive regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process muscle cell apoptotic process smooth muscle cell apoptotic process regulation of apoptotic process regulation of muscle cell apoptotic process regulation of programmed cell death cell death regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process positive regulation of apoptotic process positive regulation of muscle cell apoptotic process apoptotic process programmed cell death protein K63-linked ubiquitination macroautophagy regulation of autophagy positive regulation of autophagy of mitochondrion mitophagy regulation of autophagy of mitochondrion positive regulation of macroautophagy positive regulation of autophagy positive regulation of mitophagy regulation of mitophagy regulation of macroautophagy autophagy of mitochondrion protein quality control for misfolded or incompletely synthesized proteins negative regulation of programmed cell death negative regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process negative regulation of apoptotic process negative regulation of muscle cell apoptotic process regulation of cellular response to stress regulation of ERAD pathway positive regulation of ERAD pathway regulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress positive regulation of response to stimulus positive regulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress regulation of response to stress	intracellular anatomical structure intracellular membraneless organelle Z disc sarcomere intracellular organelle I band cellular anatomical structure organelle membraneless organelle contractile muscle fiber cytoplasm supramolecular fiber myofibril supramolecular polymer intracellular anatomical structure intracellular membraneless organelle Z disc sarcomere intracellular organelle I band cellular anatomical structure organelle membraneless organelle contractile muscle fiber cytoplasm supramolecular fiber myofibril supramolecular polymer supramolecular complex cytosol protein-containing complex protein folding chaperone complex intracellular protein-containing complex membrane-bounded organelle inclusion body nucleus intracellular membrane-bounded organelle nuclear inclusion body ubiquitin ligase complex catalytic complex transferase complex mitochondrion membrane-enclosed lumen intracellular organelle lumen nucleoplasm organelle lumen nuclear lumen ubiquitin conjugating enzyme complex endoplasmic reticulum endomembrane system

InterPro: Protein Family Classification InterPro Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Type
C [auth E], D [auth C]	IPR027324	Microtubule associated protein MAP2/MAP4/Tau	Family
C [auth E], D [auth C]	IPR001084	Microtubule associated protein, tubulin-binding repeat	Repeat
C [auth E], D [auth C]	IPR002955	Microtubule-associated protein Tau	Family
A [auth B], B [auth A]	IPR019734	Tetratricopeptide repeat	Repeat
A [auth B], B [auth A]	IPR003613	U-box domain	Domain
A [auth B], B [auth A]	IPR013083	Zinc finger, RING/FYVE/PHD-type	Homologous Superfamily
A [auth B], B [auth A]	IPR045202	CHIP , U-box domain	Domain
A [auth B], B [auth A]	IPR011990	Tetratricopeptide-like helical domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
A [auth B], B [auth A]	IPR041312	CHIP, N-terminal tetratricopeptide repeat domain	Domain

Pharos: Disease Associations Pharos Homepage Annotation

Chains	Drug Target	Associated Disease
C [auth E], D [auth C]	Pharos: P10636	Pick disease Alzheimer disease progressive supranuclear palsy frontotemporal dementia Parkinson disease dementia tauopathy neurodegenerative disease progressive supranuclear palsy-parkinsonism syndrome Memory Disorders semantic dementia idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis late-onset Parkinson disease atrial fibrillation respiratory failure Pick disease Alzheimer disease progressive supranuclear palsy frontotemporal dementia Parkinson disease dementia tauopathy neurodegenerative disease progressive supranuclear palsy-parkinsonism syndrome Memory Disorders semantic dementia idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis late-onset Parkinson disease atrial fibrillation respiratory failure supranuclear palsy, progressive, 1 behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia bipolar disorder subependymal giant cell astrocytoma chronic obstructive pulmonary disease oligodendroglioma osteosarcoma parkinsonian disorder amyotrophic lateral sclerosis malignant ependymoma breast cancer osteoarthritis toxic encephalopathy ovarian cancer glioblastoma intellectual disability pilocytic astrocytoma androgenetic alopecia attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, inattentive type malignant glioma cardiomyopathy cutaneous lupus erythematosus osteoarthritis, hip endogenous depression hepatocellular carcinoma large cell medulloblastoma amyloidosis learning disability progressive non-fluent aphasia aphasia lung carcinoma psoriasis atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor medulloblastoma autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinson disease 2
A [auth B], B [auth A]	Pharos: Q9UNE7	autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 16 autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 Ataxias, Hereditary cancer diabetes mellitus medulloblastoma primitive neuroectodermal tumor spinocerebellar ataxia type 4 spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, inattentive type cerebellar ataxia intellectual disability neurodegenerative disease spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 16 autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 Ataxias, Hereditary cancer diabetes mellitus medulloblastoma primitive neuroectodermal tumor spinocerebellar ataxia type 4 spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, inattentive type cerebellar ataxia intellectual disability neurodegenerative disease spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 spinocerebellar ataxia type 5 atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor bone disease large cell medulloblastoma ovarian cancer spinocerebellar ataxia type 2

Protein Modification Annotation

Modified Residue(s)
Chain	Residue(s)	Description
C [auth E], D [auth C]	ACE	RESID: AA0041 , AA0042 , AA0043 , AA0044 , AA0045 , AA0046 , AA0049 , AA0050 , AA0051 , AA0052 , AA0053 , AA0054 , AA0354 PSI-MOD : N-acetyl-L-alanine MOD:00050 , N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid MOD:00051 , N-acetyl-L-cysteine MOD:00052 , N-acetyl-S-archeol-cysteine MOD:00897 , N-acetyl-L-glutamic acid MOD:00053 , N-acetyl-L-glutamine MOD:00054 , N-acetylglycine MOD:00055 , N-acetyl-L-methionine MOD:00058 , N-acetyl-L-proline MOD:00059 , N-acetyl-L-serine MOD:00060 , N,O-diacetylated L-serine MOD:00648 , N-acetyl-L-threonine MOD:00061 , N-acetyl-L-tyrosine MOD:00062 , N-acetyl-L-valine MOD:00063 , N2-acetyl-L-arginine MOD:00359

RCSB PDB Core Operations are funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (DBI-2321666), the US Department of Energy (DE-SC0019749), and the National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under grant R01GM157729.