8FVJ | pdb_00008fvj

Dimeric form of HIV-1 Vif in complex with human CBF-beta, ELOB, ELOC, and CUL5

External Resource: Annotation

Domain Annotation: SCOP2 Classification
Domain Annotation: CATH
Protein Family Annotation
Gene Ontology: Gene Product Annotation
InterPro: Protein Family Classification
Pharos: Disease Associations

Domain Annotation: SCOP2 Classification SCOP2 Database Homepage

Chains	Type	Family Name	Domain Identifier	Family Identifier	Provenance Source (Version)
C [auth 3]	SCOP2B Superfamily	Ubiquitin-like	8038575	3000157	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
H [auth 8]	SCOP2B Superfamily	Ubiquitin-like	8038575	3000157	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
A [auth 0]	SCOP2B Superfamily	Core binding factor beta, CBF	8042548	3001169	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
F [auth 5]	SCOP2B Superfamily	Core binding factor beta, CBF	8042548	3001169	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)

Domain Annotation: CATH CATH Database Homepage

Chain	Domain	Class	Architecture	Topology	Homology	Provenance Source (Version)
D [auth 4]	3.30.710.10	Alpha Beta	2-Layer Sandwich	Potassium Channel Kv1.1	Chain A	CATH (utative)
I [auth 9]	3.30.710.10	Alpha Beta	2-Layer Sandwich	Potassium Channel Kv1.1	Chain A	CATH (utative)

Protein Family Annotation Pfam Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Description	Comments	Source
E [auth 2], J [auth 7]	PF00888	Cullin alpha solenoid domain (Cullin)	Cullin alpha solenoid domain	-	Repeat
D [auth 4], I [auth 9]	PF03931	Skp1 family, tetramerisation domain (Skp1_POZ)	Skp1 family, tetramerisation domain		Domain
C [auth 3], H [auth 8]	PF00240	Ubiquitin family (ubiquitin)	Ubiquitin family	This family contains a number of ubiquitin-like proteins: SUMO (smt3 homologue) (see Swiss:Q02724), Nedd8 (see Swiss:P29595), Elongin B (see Swiss:Q15370), Rub1 (see Swiss:Q9SHE7), and Parkin (see Swiss:O60260). A number of them are thought to carry ...	This family contains a number of ubiquitin-like proteins: SUMO (smt3 homologue) (see Swiss:Q02724), Nedd8 (see Swiss:P29595), Elongin B (see Swiss:Q15370), Rub1 (see Swiss:Q9SHE7), and Parkin (see Swiss:O60260). A number of them are thought to carry a distinctive five-residue motif termed the proteasome-interacting motif (PIM), which may have a biologically significant role in protein delivery to proteasomes and recruitment of proteasomes to transcription sites [5].	Domain

Gene Ontology: Gene Product Annotation Gene Ontology Database Homepage

Chains	Polymer	Molecular Function	Biological Process	Cellular Component
E [auth 2], J [auth 7]	Cullin-5	ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity protein-macromolecule adaptor activity molecular adaptor activity molecular transducer activity signaling receptor activity ubiquitin protein ligase binding protein binding binding ubiquitin-like protein ligase binding enzyme binding aminoacyltransferase activity ubiquitin-like protein transferase activity catalytic activity, acting on a protein acyltransferase activity ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity protein-macromolecule adaptor activity molecular adaptor activity molecular transducer activity signaling receptor activity ubiquitin protein ligase binding protein binding binding ubiquitin-like protein ligase binding enzyme binding aminoacyltransferase activity ubiquitin-like protein transferase activity catalytic activity, acting on a protein acyltransferase activity transferase activity catalytic activity ubiquitin-protein transferase activity calcium channel activity monoatomic cation transmembrane transporter activity monoatomic ion channel activity monoatomic cation channel activity passive transmembrane transporter activity calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity channel activity monoatomic ion transmembrane transporter activity transporter activity metal ion transmembrane transporter activity transmembrane transporter activity	cellular response to stimulus regulation of biological process regulation of cellular process response to stimulus signaling biological regulation cell death intracellular signal transduction cell communication apoptotic signaling pathway cellular process signal transduction apoptotic process intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway cellular response to stimulus regulation of biological process regulation of cellular process response to stimulus signaling biological regulation cell death intracellular signal transduction cell communication apoptotic signaling pathway cellular process signal transduction apoptotic process intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway programmed cell death primary metabolic process protein ubiquitination macromolecule modification metabolic process protein metabolic process macromolecule metabolic process post-translational protein modification protein modification process protein modification by small protein conjugation protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal catabolic process proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process proteasomal protein catabolic process protein catabolic process proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process macromolecule catabolic process modification-dependent macromolecule catabolic process modification-dependent protein catabolic process proteolysis SCF-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process developmental process multicellular organismal process regulation of cell motility neuron migration cellular developmental process nervous system development regulation of neuron migration generation of neurons neurogenesis multicellular organism development cell differentiation regulation of locomotion anatomical structure development regulation of cell migration cell migration cell motility locomotion system development ERBB2 signaling pathway cell surface receptor signaling pathway cell surface receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway ERBB signaling pathway enzyme-linked receptor protein signaling pathway protein K11-linked ubiquitination protein polyubiquitination reelin-mediated signaling pathway mitotic cell cycle process cell cycle phase transition cell cycle G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle cell cycle G1/S phase transition mitotic cell cycle mitotic cell cycle phase transition cell cycle process	cellular anatomical structure intracellular anatomical structure cytoplasm cytosol cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase complex protein-containing complex ubiquitin ligase complex catalytic complex transferase complex intracellular protein-containing complex Cul5-RING ubiquitin ligase complex SCF ubiquitin ligase complex membrane-bounded organelle intracellular organelle cellular anatomical structure intracellular anatomical structure cytoplasm cytosol cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase complex protein-containing complex ubiquitin ligase complex catalytic complex transferase complex intracellular protein-containing complex Cul5-RING ubiquitin ligase complex SCF ubiquitin ligase complex membrane-bounded organelle intracellular organelle organelle nucleus intracellular membrane-bounded organelle membraneless organelle site of DNA damage intracellular membraneless organelle chromosome
D [auth 4], I [auth 9]	Elongin-C	transcription factor binding transcription coregulator binding transcription corepressor binding protein binding binding protein-macromolecule adaptor activity molecular adaptor activity	catabolic process proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process primary metabolic process protein catabolic process macromolecule catabolic process modification-dependent macromolecule catabolic process modification-dependent protein catabolic process proteolysis ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process metabolic process cellular process macromolecule metabolic process protein metabolic process regulation of cellular process catabolic process proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process primary metabolic process protein catabolic process macromolecule catabolic process modification-dependent macromolecule catabolic process modification-dependent protein catabolic process proteolysis ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process metabolic process cellular process macromolecule metabolic process protein metabolic process regulation of cellular process negative regulation of biological process positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression positive regulation of metabolic process positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process miRNA metabolic process RNA catabolic process regulation of biological process negative regulation of metabolic process nucleobase-containing compound catabolic process miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing regulation of gene expression negative regulation of gene expression biosynthetic process negative regulation of miRNA-mediated gene silencing negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process post-transcriptional gene silencing nucleic acid catabolic process regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process negative regulation of post-transcriptional gene silencing regulation of metabolic process positive regulation of biological process RNA metabolic process regulation of miRNA-mediated gene silencing negative regulation of post-transcriptional gene silencing by regulatory ncRNA regulation of gene silencing by regulatory ncRNA positive regulation of biosynthetic process negative regulation of cellular process regulation of post-transcriptional gene silencing by regulatory ncRNA positive regulation of cellular process negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process regulation of biosynthetic process negative regulation of gene silencing by regulatory ncRNA biological regulation regulation of macromolecule metabolic process miRNA catabolic process gene expression macromolecule biosynthetic process regulatory ncRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing nucleic acid metabolic process target-directed miRNA degradation regulatory ncRNA-mediated gene silencing regulation of post-transcriptional gene silencing negative regulation of biosynthetic process positive regulation of gene expression nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process DNA-templated transcription initiation RNA biosynthetic process DNA-templated transcription nucleic acid biosynthetic process transcription by RNA polymerase II transcription initiation at RNA polymerase II promoter regulation of primary metabolic process regulation of RNA metabolic process regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process regulation of RNA biosynthetic process regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II regulation of DNA-templated transcription protein ubiquitination macromolecule modification post-translational protein modification protein modification process protein modification by small protein conjugation protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal	membrane-bounded organelle protein-containing complex intracellular anatomical structure transcription elongation factor complex nucleus membrane-enclosed lumen nuclear protein-containing complex intracellular membrane-bounded organelle elongin complex intracellular organelle lumen intracellular organelle cellular anatomical structure nucleoplasm organelle lumen membrane-bounded organelle protein-containing complex intracellular anatomical structure transcription elongation factor complex nucleus membrane-enclosed lumen nuclear protein-containing complex intracellular membrane-bounded organelle elongin complex intracellular organelle lumen intracellular organelle cellular anatomical structure nucleoplasm organelle lumen organelle nuclear lumen cytoplasm cytosol cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase complex ubiquitin ligase complex catalytic complex transferase complex intracellular protein-containing complex Cul5-RING ubiquitin ligase complex Cul2-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
C [auth 3], H [auth 8]	Elongin-B	transcription factor binding transcription coregulator binding transcription corepressor binding protein binding binding ubiquitin protein ligase binding ubiquitin-like protein ligase binding enzyme binding	cellular component organization cellular component biogenesis cellular component assembly protein-containing complex organization protein-containing complex assembly cellular process cellular component organization or biogenesis regulation of cellular process negative regulation of biological process positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression positive regulation of metabolic process positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process cellular component organization cellular component biogenesis cellular component assembly protein-containing complex organization protein-containing complex assembly cellular process cellular component organization or biogenesis regulation of cellular process negative regulation of biological process positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression positive regulation of metabolic process positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process miRNA metabolic process RNA catabolic process regulation of biological process negative regulation of metabolic process primary metabolic process nucleobase-containing compound catabolic process miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing regulation of gene expression negative regulation of gene expression biosynthetic process negative regulation of miRNA-mediated gene silencing negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process post-transcriptional gene silencing nucleic acid catabolic process regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process metabolic process macromolecule metabolic process negative regulation of post-transcriptional gene silencing regulation of metabolic process catabolic process positive regulation of biological process RNA metabolic process regulation of miRNA-mediated gene silencing macromolecule catabolic process negative regulation of post-transcriptional gene silencing by regulatory ncRNA regulation of gene silencing by regulatory ncRNA positive regulation of biosynthetic process negative regulation of cellular process regulation of post-transcriptional gene silencing by regulatory ncRNA positive regulation of cellular process negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process regulation of biosynthetic process negative regulation of gene silencing by regulatory ncRNA biological regulation regulation of macromolecule metabolic process miRNA catabolic process gene expression macromolecule biosynthetic process regulatory ncRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing nucleic acid metabolic process target-directed miRNA degradation regulatory ncRNA-mediated gene silencing regulation of post-transcriptional gene silencing negative regulation of biosynthetic process positive regulation of gene expression nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process DNA-templated transcription initiation RNA biosynthetic process DNA-templated transcription nucleic acid biosynthetic process transcription by RNA polymerase II transcription initiation at RNA polymerase II promoter transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II DNA-templated transcription elongation positive regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process positive regulation of protein metabolic process proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process regulation of primary metabolic process positive regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process regulation of proteolysis regulation of proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process modification-dependent macromolecule catabolic process proteolysis protein metabolic process regulation of protein metabolic process proteasomal protein catabolic process protein catabolic process regulation of catabolic process positive regulation of protein catabolic process positive regulation of proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process positive regulation of catabolic process regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process modification-dependent protein catabolic process positive regulation of proteolysis regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process regulation of protein catabolic process protein ubiquitination macromolecule modification post-translational protein modification protein modification process protein modification by small protein conjugation protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal	membrane-bounded organelle protein-containing complex intracellular anatomical structure transcription elongation factor complex nucleus membrane-enclosed lumen nuclear protein-containing complex intracellular membrane-bounded organelle elongin complex intracellular organelle lumen intracellular organelle cellular anatomical structure nucleoplasm organelle lumen membrane-bounded organelle protein-containing complex intracellular anatomical structure transcription elongation factor complex nucleus membrane-enclosed lumen nuclear protein-containing complex intracellular membrane-bounded organelle elongin complex intracellular organelle lumen intracellular organelle cellular anatomical structure nucleoplasm organelle lumen organelle nuclear lumen cytoplasm cytosol cytoplasmic ubiquitin ligase complex ubiquitin ligase complex catalytic complex transferase complex intracellular protein-containing complex VCB complex cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase complex Cul5-RING ubiquitin ligase complex Cul2-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
B [auth 1], G [auth 6]	Virion infectivity factor	RNA binding binding nucleic acid binding	viral process viral life cycle	virion component cellular anatomical structure membrane host cell plasma membrane host cellular component host cell part host cell membrane other organism part host intracellular part host cell cytoplasm host intracellular region
A [auth 0], F [auth 5]	Core-binding factor subunit beta	transcription coactivator activity transcription regulator activity transcription coregulator activity protein-macromolecule adaptor activity molecular adaptor activity sequence-specific DNA binding DNA binding binding nucleic acid binding	developmental process multicellular organismal process cellular developmental process ossification cell differentiation cellular process osteoblast differentiation protein polyubiquitination primary metabolic process protein ubiquitination macromolecule modification metabolic process protein metabolic process macromolecule metabolic process developmental process multicellular organismal process cellular developmental process ossification cell differentiation cellular process osteoblast differentiation protein polyubiquitination primary metabolic process protein ubiquitination macromolecule modification metabolic process protein metabolic process macromolecule metabolic process post-translational protein modification protein modification process protein modification by small protein conjugation protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal hemopoiesis cell activation cell development mononuclear cell differentiation lymphocyte differentiation lymphocyte activation leukocyte activation immune system process anatomical structure development leukocyte differentiation RNA metabolic process nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process gene expression macromolecule biosynthetic process nucleic acid metabolic process RNA biosynthetic process nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process DNA-templated transcription nucleic acid biosynthetic process transcription by RNA polymerase II biosynthetic process definitive hemopoiesis regulation of cellular process regulation of primary metabolic process regulation of RNA metabolic process regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process regulation of RNA biosynthetic process regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II regulation of biosynthetic process regulation of biological process biological regulation regulation of macromolecule metabolic process regulation of gene expression regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process regulation of DNA-templated transcription regulation of metabolic process negative regulation of biological process negative regulation of RNA biosynthetic process negative regulation of cellular process negative regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II negative regulation of metabolic process negative regulation of biosynthetic process negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process negative regulation of RNA metabolic process regulation of leukocyte differentiation CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation regulation of leukocyte activation regulation of cell activation regulation of cell differentiation positive regulation of T cell differentiation positive regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation regulation of cell development positive regulation of developmental process positive regulation of cell activation multicellular organism development T cell activation positive regulation of leukocyte activation alpha-beta T cell activation regulation of immune system process T cell differentiation positive regulation of immune system process positive regulation of T cell activation positive regulation of cell development positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion positive regulation of multicellular organismal process positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation regulation of developmental process CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation positive regulation of biological process positive regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation leukocyte cell-cell adhesion positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion regulation of T cell differentiation positive regulation of lymphocyte activation cell adhesion alpha-beta T cell differentiation cell-cell adhesion positive regulation of hemopoiesis positive regulation of cell differentiation regulation of multicellular organismal process regulation of cell-cell adhesion positive regulation of cellular process regulation of lymphocyte differentiation regulation of multicellular organismal development positive regulation of cell adhesion regulation of cell adhesion positive regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation regulation of T cell activation regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation regulation of hemopoiesis positive regulation of leukocyte differentiation regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation regulation of lymphocyte activation positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process positive regulation of metabolic process positive regulation of biosynthetic process positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II positive regulation of RNA metabolic process positive regulation of RNA biosynthetic process myeloid cell differentiation anatomical structure maturation cell maturation developmental maturation negative regulation of cell adhesion negative regulation of T cell differentiation negative regulation of hemopoiesis negative regulation of leukocyte differentiation negative regulation of T cell activation negative regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion negative regulation of lymphocyte differentiation negative regulation of multicellular organismal process negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation negative regulation of leukocyte activation regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation negative regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation negative regulation of lymphocyte activation CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation negative regulation of cell differentiation negative regulation of developmental process negative regulation of cell activation negative regulation of cell development regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation negative regulation of immune system process negative regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation	RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex membrane-bounded organelle protein-containing complex intracellular anatomical structure nucleus nuclear protein-containing complex transcription regulator complex intracellular membrane-bounded organelle intracellular organelle cellular anatomical structure core-binding factor complex organelle membrane membrane-enclosed lumen RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex membrane-bounded organelle protein-containing complex intracellular anatomical structure nucleus nuclear protein-containing complex transcription regulator complex intracellular membrane-bounded organelle intracellular organelle cellular anatomical structure core-binding factor complex organelle membrane membrane-enclosed lumen intracellular organelle lumen nucleoplasm organelle lumen nuclear lumen

InterPro: Protein Family Classification InterPro Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Type
E [auth 2], J [auth 7]	IPR045093	Cullin	Family
E [auth 2], J [auth 7]	IPR016158	Cullin homology domain	Domain
E [auth 2], J [auth 7]	IPR016157	Cullin, conserved site	Conserved Site
E [auth 2], J [auth 7]	IPR001373	Cullin, N-terminal	Domain
E [auth 2], J [auth 7]	IPR019559	Cullin, neddylation domain	Domain
E [auth 2], J [auth 7]	IPR036388	Winged helix-like DNA-binding domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
E [auth 2], J [auth 7]	IPR036390	Winged helix DNA-binding domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
E [auth 2], J [auth 7]	IPR036317	Cullin homology domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
E [auth 2], J [auth 7]	IPR016159	Cullin repeat-like-containing domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
D [auth 4], I [auth 9]	IPR016073	SKP1 component, POZ domain	Domain
D [auth 4], I [auth 9]	IPR001232	S-phase kinase-associated protein 1-like	Family
D [auth 4], I [auth 9]	IPR039948	Elongin-C	Family
D [auth 4], I [auth 9]	IPR011333	SKP1/BTB/POZ domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
C [auth 3], H [auth 8]	IPR000626	Ubiquitin-like domain	Domain
C [auth 3], H [auth 8]	IPR039049	Elongin B	Family
C [auth 3], H [auth 8]	IPR029071	Ubiquitin-like domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
B [auth 1], G [auth 6]	IPR000475	Retroviral Vif (Viral infectivity) protein	Family
A [auth 0], F [auth 5]	IPR003417	Core-binding factor, beta subunit	Family
A [auth 0], F [auth 5]	IPR036552	Core-binding factor, beta subunit superfamily	Homologous Superfamily

Pharos: Disease Associations Pharos Homepage Annotation

Chains	Drug Target	Associated Disease
E [auth 2], J [auth 7]	Pharos: Q93034	breast carcinoma breast cancer malignant mesothelioma Mammary Neoplasms, Human plasma cell myeloma osteosarcoma psoriasis lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma ovarian cancer rheumatoid arthritis
D [auth 4], I [auth 9]	Pharos: Q15369	papillary renal cell carcinoma sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma collecting duct carcinoma chromophobe renal cell carcinoma renal cell carcinoma astrocytic tumor clear cell renal carcinoma dermatomyositis breast cancer invasive ductal breast carcinoma plasma cell myeloma Conventional (Clear Cell) Renal Cell Carcinoma ovarian cancer
C [auth 3], H [auth 8]	Pharos: Q15370	acute myeloid leukemia ovarian cancer diabetes mellitus plasma cell myeloma lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma
A [auth 0], F [auth 5]	Pharos: Q13951	acute myeloid leukemia cleft palate acute myelomonocytic leukemia M4 Bone Diseases, Developmental malignant glioma myopathy ovarian cancer atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor congenital heart disease glioblastoma juvenile dermatomyositis lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma pilocytic astrocytoma large cell medulloblastoma malignant ependymoma acute myeloid leukemia cleft palate acute myelomonocytic leukemia M4 Bone Diseases, Developmental malignant glioma myopathy ovarian cancer atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor congenital heart disease glioblastoma juvenile dermatomyositis lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma pilocytic astrocytoma large cell medulloblastoma malignant ependymoma medulloblastoma osteosarcoma ulcerative colitis amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cancer Down syndrome IgA glomerulonephritis

RCSB PDB Core Operations are funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (DBI-2321666), the US Department of Energy (DE-SC0019749), and the National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under grant R01GM157729.