7SCH

Cryo-EM structure of the human Exostosin-1 and Exostosin-2 heterodimer

External Resource: Annotation

Protein Family Annotation
Gene Ontology: Gene Product Annotation
InterPro: Protein Family Classification
Pharos: Disease Associations

Protein Family Annotation Pfam Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Description	Comments	Source
A	PF09258	Glycosyl transferase family 64 domain (Glyco_transf_64)	Glycosyl transferase family 64 domain	Members of this family catalyse the transfer reaction of N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine from the respective UDP-sugars to the non-reducing end of [glucuronic acid]beta 1-3[galactose]beta 1-O-naphthalenemethanol, an acceptor substrate a ...	Members of this family catalyse the transfer reaction of N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine from the respective UDP-sugars to the non-reducing end of [glucuronic acid]beta 1-3[galactose]beta 1-O-naphthalenemethanol, an acceptor substrate analog of the natural common linker of various glycosylaminoglycans. They are also required for the biosynthesis of heparan-sulphate [1].	Domain
A	PF03016	Exostosin family (Exostosin)	Exostosin family	-	Family
B	PF09258	Glycosyl transferase family 64 domain (Glyco_transf_64)	Glycosyl transferase family 64 domain	Members of this family catalyse the transfer reaction of N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine from the respective UDP-sugars to the non-reducing end of [glucuronic acid]beta 1-3[galactose]beta 1-O-naphthalenemethanol, an acceptor substrate a ...	Members of this family catalyse the transfer reaction of N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine from the respective UDP-sugars to the non-reducing end of [glucuronic acid]beta 1-3[galactose]beta 1-O-naphthalenemethanol, an acceptor substrate analog of the natural common linker of various glycosylaminoglycans. They are also required for the biosynthesis of heparan-sulphate [1].	Domain
B	PF03016	Exostosin family (Exostosin)	Exostosin family	-	Family

Gene Ontology: Gene Product Annotation Gene Ontology Database Homepage

Chains	Polymer	Molecular Function	Biological Process	Cellular Component
A	Exostosin-1	UDP-glycosyltransferase activity glycosyltransferase activity heparan sulfate N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity transferase activity hexosyltransferase activity catalytic activity cation binding ion binding binding metal ion binding small molecule binding glucuronosyltransferase activity identical protein binding UDP-glycosyltransferase activity glycosyltransferase activity heparan sulfate N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity transferase activity hexosyltransferase activity catalytic activity cation binding ion binding binding metal ion binding small molecule binding glucuronosyltransferase activity identical protein binding protein binding protein homodimerization activity protein dimerization activity N-acetylglucosaminyl-proteoglycan 4-beta-glucuronosyltransferase activity glucuronosyl-N-acetylglucosaminyl-proteoglycan 4-alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity protein heterodimerization activity	developmental process multicellular organismal process cellular developmental process connective tissue development developmental cell growth developmental growth chondrocyte hypertrophy growth animal organ development cell development tissue development cell growth multicellular organism development skeletal system development cell differentiation developmental process multicellular organismal process cellular developmental process connective tissue development developmental cell growth developmental growth chondrocyte hypertrophy growth animal organ development cell development tissue development cell growth multicellular organism development skeletal system development cell differentiation anatomical structure development chondrocyte differentiation cellular process chondrocyte development cartilage development system development cellular component organization cell junction organization tight junction organization cellular component organization or biogenesis cell-cell junction organization cellular response to stimulus regulation of biological process regulation of cellular process cell surface receptor signaling pathway response to stimulus signaling canonical Wnt signaling pathway biological regulation cell communication signal transduction Wnt signaling pathway extracellular matrix organization renal system development glomerular basement membrane development glomerulus development nephron development kidney development extracellular structure organization external encapsulating structure organization organonitrogen compound catabolic process organonitrogen compound metabolic process catabolic process primary metabolic process protein catabolic process macromolecule catabolic process organic substance metabolic process metabolic process protein metabolic process macromolecule metabolic process organic substance catabolic process endochondral ossification replacement ossification endochondral bone morphogenesis anatomical structure morphogenesis ossification skeletal system morphogenesis animal organ morphogenesis bone morphogenesis bone development epithelium development epidermis development molting cycle process hair cycle epidermis morphogenesis morphogenesis of an epithelium tissue morphogenesis skin development skin epidermis development hair follicle development molting cycle hair cycle process hair follicle morphogenesis response to light stimulus response to light intensity response to radiation response to abiotic stimulus cell adhesion cell-cell adhesion leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell leukocyte cell-cell adhesion lymphocyte adhesion to endothelial cell of high endothelial venule gland development sebaceous gland development cell fate commitment organ growth bone growth endochondral bone growth leukocyte migration lymphocyte migration into lymphoid organs immune system process mononuclear cell migration lymphocyte migration cell migration cell motility localization transport fluid transport establishment of localization stem cell division cell division multicellular organism growth sweat gland development proteoglycan biosynthetic process heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process cellular biosynthetic process organonitrogen compound biosynthetic process carbohydrate derivative metabolic process polysaccharide metabolic process organic substance biosynthetic process sulfur compound metabolic process carbohydrate derivative biosynthetic process carbohydrate metabolic process polysaccharide biosynthetic process cellular metabolic process carbohydrate biosynthetic process glycoprotein biosynthetic process heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process, polysaccharide chain biosynthetic process glycoprotein metabolic process macromolecule biosynthetic process sulfur compound biosynthetic process biosynthetic process proteoglycan metabolic process cellular component biogenesis cellular component assembly protein-containing complex organization protein-containing complex assembly membrane bone morphogenesis perichondral bone morphogenesis glycosaminoglycan metabolic process aminoglycan metabolic process aminoglycan biosynthetic process glycosaminoglycan biosynthetic process branching morphogenesis of an epithelial tube respiratory tube development tube morphogenesis lung morphogenesis lung development respiratory system development epithelial tube morphogenesis tube development morphogenesis of a branching structure epithelial tube branching involved in lung morphogenesis morphogenesis of a branching epithelium regulation of body fluid levels multicellular organismal-level homeostasis chemical homeostasis homeostatic process multicellular organismal-level water homeostasis multicellular organismal-level chemical homeostasis regulation of biological quality cell adhesion mediated by integrin basement membrane organization heart process system process circulatory system process heart contraction blood circulation gene expression axonogenesis cell projection organization plasma membrane bounded cell projection morphogenesis neuron projection development cell morphogenesis neurogenesis cell projection morphogenesis neuron differentiation neuron projection morphogenesis plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization axon guidance nervous system development axon development cell morphogenesis involved in neuron differentiation generation of neurons neuron projection guidance neuron development response to organic substance response to chemical response to cytokine response to leukemia inhibitory factor wound healing response to stress response to wounding developmental growth involved in morphogenesis behavior biological process involved in intraspecies interaction between organisms social behavior cartilage development involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis sodium ion homeostasis inorganic ion homeostasis monoatomic ion homeostasis monoatomic cation homeostasis organelle organization vacuole organization digestive system development digestive tract development stomach development leukocyte tethering or rolling cellular extravasation nerve development cranial nerve development optic nerve development mucopolysaccharide metabolic process heparin metabolic process heparin biosynthetic process regulation of blood pressure neural crest cell differentiation mesenchyme development stem cell differentiation mesenchymal cell differentiation mesoderm development embryonic skeletal joint development chordate embryonic development embryo development embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching embryonic skeletal system development limb development appendage development appendage morphogenesis limb joint morphogenesis limb morphogenesis renal filtration cell differentiation kidney epithelium development glomerular epithelial cell differentiation epithelial cell differentiation nephron epithelium development epithelial cell differentiation involved in kidney development glomerular epithelium development cell differentiation involved in kidney development podocyte differentiation dendritic cell migration cell-cell signaling involved in lung development cell-cell signaling smoothened signaling pathway involved in lung development smoothened signaling pathway chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan metabolic process chondroitin sulfate metabolic process fear response multicellular organismal response to stress collagen fibril organization supramolecular fiber organization cell population proliferation chondrocyte proliferation neuron recognition dendrite self-avoidance cell recognition hematopoietic stem cell homeostasis homeostasis of number of cells head development olfactory lobe development forebrain development brain development central nervous system development olfactory bulb development telencephalon development tissue remodeling bone remodeling anatomical structure homeostasis tissue homeostasis bone resorption mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in bone development cellular response to BMP stimulus cell surface receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway cellular response to growth factor stimulus response to endogenous stimulus cellular response to endogenous stimulus response to BMP transforming growth factor beta receptor superfamily signaling pathway response to growth factor BMP signaling pathway enzyme-linked receptor protein signaling pathway response to heparin response to organonitrogen compound response to oxygen-containing compound response to nitrogen compound hypersensitivity defense response immune response inflammatory response acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus acute inflammatory response inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus cranial skeletal system development embryonic morphogenesis gastrulation endoderm development heart development heart formation heart morphogenesis specification of animal organ identity pattern specification process regionalization circulatory system development anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis animal organ formation heart field specification regulation of tube diameter regulation of tube size vascular process in circulatory system blood vessel diameter maintenance vasodilation regulation of anatomical structure size protein glycosylation glycosylation macromolecule modification macromolecule glycosylation protein modification process hematopoietic stem cell migration hematopoietic stem cell migration to bone marrow hemopoiesis hematopoietic stem cell differentiation hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation blood vessel remodeling response to fibroblast growth factor cell surface receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway cellular response to fibroblast growth factor stimulus bone maturation developmental maturation anatomical structure maturation ossification involved in bone maturation animal organ maturation sulfation glandular epithelial cell differentiation columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell differentiation motor behavior antigen processing and presentation vocalization behavior trans-synaptic signaling synaptic transmission, glutamatergic chemical synaptic transmission synaptic signaling anterograde trans-synaptic signaling cellular response to virus biological process involved in interspecies interaction between organisms response to other organism response to external stimulus response to external biotic stimulus response to virus response to biotic stimulus	membrane-bounded organelle Golgi membrane intracellular anatomical structure Golgi apparatus membrane cellular anatomical entity intracellular membrane-bounded organelle endomembrane system intracellular organelle bounding membrane of organelle organelle cytoplasm organelle membrane organelle subcompartment membrane-bounded organelle Golgi membrane intracellular anatomical structure Golgi apparatus membrane cellular anatomical entity intracellular membrane-bounded organelle endomembrane system intracellular organelle bounding membrane of organelle organelle cytoplasm organelle membrane organelle subcompartment endoplasmic reticulum subcompartment nuclear outer membrane-endoplasmic reticulum membrane network endoplasmic reticulum endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein-containing complex catalytic complex synapse cell junction
B	Exostosin-2	glycosyltransferase activity transferase activity catalytic activity UDP-glycosyltransferase activity glucuronosyl-N-acetylglucosaminyl-proteoglycan 4-alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity hexosyltransferase activity glucuronosyltransferase activity protein heterodimerization activity protein binding binding protein dimerization activity heparan sulfate N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity N-acetylglucosaminyl-proteoglycan 4-beta-glucuronosyltransferase activity glycosyltransferase activity transferase activity catalytic activity UDP-glycosyltransferase activity glucuronosyl-N-acetylglucosaminyl-proteoglycan 4-alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity hexosyltransferase activity glucuronosyltransferase activity protein heterodimerization activity protein binding binding protein dimerization activity heparan sulfate N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity N-acetylglucosaminyl-proteoglycan 4-beta-glucuronosyltransferase activity cation binding ion binding metal ion binding small molecule binding	carbohydrate derivative biosynthetic process mucopolysaccharide metabolic process organonitrogen compound metabolic process heparin metabolic process cellular biosynthetic process cellular metabolic process glycosaminoglycan metabolic process organonitrogen compound biosynthetic process carbohydrate derivative metabolic process heparin biosynthetic process macromolecule biosynthetic process sulfur compound biosynthetic process organic substance metabolic process biosynthetic process aminoglycan metabolic process carbohydrate derivative biosynthetic process mucopolysaccharide metabolic process organonitrogen compound metabolic process heparin metabolic process cellular biosynthetic process cellular metabolic process glycosaminoglycan metabolic process organonitrogen compound biosynthetic process carbohydrate derivative metabolic process heparin biosynthetic process macromolecule biosynthetic process sulfur compound biosynthetic process organic substance metabolic process biosynthetic process aminoglycan metabolic process organic substance biosynthetic process aminoglycan biosynthetic process sulfur compound metabolic process metabolic process cellular process glycosaminoglycan biosynthetic process macromolecule metabolic process multicellular organismal process system process circulatory system process regulation of blood pressure biological regulation regulation of biological quality blood circulation regulation of body fluid levels multicellular organismal-level homeostasis chemical homeostasis homeostatic process multicellular organismal-level water homeostasis multicellular organismal-level chemical homeostasis response to fibroblast growth factor cellular response to endogenous stimulus cellular response to growth factor stimulus response to stimulus response to endogenous stimulus response to growth factor cellular response to fibroblast growth factor stimulus proteoglycan biosynthetic process heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process glycoprotein biosynthetic process primary metabolic process glycoprotein metabolic process protein metabolic process proteoglycan metabolic process heart process heart contraction protein modification process protein N-linked glycosylation protein glycosylation glycosylation macromolecule modification macromolecule glycosylation regulation of tube diameter regulation of tube size vascular process in circulatory system blood vessel diameter maintenance vasodilation regulation of anatomical structure size gene expression carbohydrate metabolic process polysaccharide biosynthetic process carbohydrate biosynthetic process polysaccharide metabolic process sulfation ossification localization transport fluid transport establishment of localization developmental process cellular developmental process connective tissue development animal organ development tissue development multicellular organism development skeletal system development cell differentiation chondrocyte differentiation anatomical structure development cartilage development system development sodium ion homeostasis inorganic ion homeostasis monoatomic ion homeostasis monoatomic cation homeostasis heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process, polysaccharide chain biosynthetic process endochondral bone morphogenesis anatomical structure morphogenesis skeletal system morphogenesis animal organ morphogenesis bone morphogenesis bone development formation of primary germ layer mesoderm morphogenesis embryonic morphogenesis embryo development gastrulation tissue morphogenesis anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis mesoderm formation mesoderm development	membrane cellular anatomical entity extracellular exosome membrane-bounded organelle extracellular vesicle extracellular organelle extracellular region organelle extracellular space vesicle extracellular membrane-bounded organelle protein-containing complex catalytic complex intracellular organelle membrane cellular anatomical entity extracellular exosome membrane-bounded organelle extracellular vesicle extracellular organelle extracellular region organelle extracellular space vesicle extracellular membrane-bounded organelle protein-containing complex catalytic complex intracellular organelle intracellular anatomical structure Golgi apparatus cytoplasm intracellular membrane-bounded organelle endomembrane system organelle subcompartment membrane protein complex endoplasmic reticulum subcompartment nuclear outer membrane-endoplasmic reticulum membrane network endoplasmic reticulum UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transferase complex organelle membrane endoplasmic reticulum protein-containing complex endoplasmic reticulum membrane Golgi membrane bounding membrane of organelle

InterPro: Protein Family Classification InterPro Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Type
A	IPR015338	Glycosyl transferase 64 domain	Domain
A	IPR004263	Exostosin-like	Family
A	IPR040911	Exostosin, GT47 domain	Domain
A	IPR029044	Nucleotide-diphospho-sugar transferases	Homologous Superfamily
B	IPR040911	Exostosin, GT47 domain	Domain
B	IPR015338	Glycosyl transferase 64 domain	Domain
B	IPR004263	Exostosin-like	Family
B	IPR029044	Nucleotide-diphospho-sugar transferases	Homologous Superfamily

Pharos: Disease Associations Pharos Homepage Annotation

Chains	Drug Target	Associated Disease
A	Pharos: Q16394	trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type II chondrosarcoma hereditary multiple osteochondromas osteosarcoma exostoses, multiple, type 1 medulloblastoma osteogenesis imperfecta sinusitis autism epilepsy exostosis glioblastoma intellectual disability lung carcinoma nasopharyngeal carcinoma trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type II chondrosarcoma hereditary multiple osteochondromas osteosarcoma exostoses, multiple, type 1 medulloblastoma osteogenesis imperfecta sinusitis autism epilepsy exostosis glioblastoma intellectual disability lung carcinoma nasopharyngeal carcinoma Autistic Disorder congenital disorder of glycosylation esophageal adenocarcinoma gastric carcinoma invasive ductal breast carcinoma malignant glioma Ollier disease ovarian cancer breast cancer cystic fibrosis Gaucher disease Kleine-Levin syndrome
B	Pharos: Q93063	hereditary multiple osteochondromas Potocki-Shaffer syndrome seizures-scoliosis-macrocephaly syndrome exostoses, multiple, type 2 intellectual disability osteosarcoma astrocytic tumor epilepsy exostosis IgA glomerulonephritis Ollier disease ovarian cancer psoriasis breast carcinoma exostoses, multiple, type 1 hereditary multiple osteochondromas Potocki-Shaffer syndrome seizures-scoliosis-macrocephaly syndrome exostoses, multiple, type 2 intellectual disability osteosarcoma astrocytic tumor epilepsy exostosis IgA glomerulonephritis Ollier disease ovarian cancer psoriasis breast carcinoma exostoses, multiple, type 1 Hereditary Multiple Exostoses osteogenesis imperfecta plasma cell myeloma congenital disorder of glycosylation malignant mesothelioma

RCSB PDB Core Operations are funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (DBI-2321666), the US Department of Energy (DE-SC0019749), and the National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under grant R01GM133198.